Religion and everyday cosmopolitanism among religious and non-religious urban youth

Abstract

While there is ample research on everyday cosmopolitanism, the relation with religion is less understood. This study examines the difference in everyday cosmopolitanism between Muslim, Christian and non-religious urban youth. Further, it studies the influence of religiosity, religious identification and perceived discrimination on cosmopolitanism. A one-way ANOVA analysis was conducted on data from 1039 students in 17 secondary schools in the super-diverse city of Antwerp. Multilevel regression analysis was conducted on a sample of Muslim ( n = 496) and Christian ( n = 225) youth. The results indicate no difference between religious and non-religious youth regarding their everyday cosmopolitanism. Moreover, for Muslim youth, intrinsic religiosity is positively associated with cosmopolitan orientations, while religious identification and discrimination negatively effect cosmopolitanism. For Christian youth, religious factors do not explain their cosmopolitan orientations. Overall, the article suggests that scholars and policy makers should discuss the potential of religion to foster cosmopolitan orientations.

Creyentes Religiosos en España por Clases Sociales: Resultados de 268.261 Personas: 2013 to 2022

“…Thus, multiple interpretations of secularizations appear (Wohlrab-Sahr & Burchardt, 2012), full of singularities due to the permeable cultural bond that 106 Cabrera & Rosa-Gónzalez -Religious Believers in Spain manifest itself in Spain today, where immigration has meant the presence of slightly more than five million people in the Spanish territory, which represents 11.3% of the census population, which reaches forty-seven million in 2021 (INE, 2022d). Something similar occurs in other European countries with this permeabilization of cultures and religions that could favor cultural nexus and make the receiving countries more cosmopolitan (Driezen, Verschraegen & Clycq, 2021;Martínez-Ariño et al, 2011).…”

Against the odds: exploring individuals’ pushback mechanisms against commercialized football gambling

“…They believe that those who gamble are susceptible to other social vices, such as internet scams, theft, forgery, and all sorts of money-related vices. The impact of religiosity is minimal in everyday cosmopolitanism (69); however, for a relatively few participants, religiosity acted as a threshold for forming an agency against football gambling. Participants in the study also expressed their passion and quest to protect the integrity of football.…”

Religious identification (BELIEVERS) by population size of the municipalities in Spain

“…Large cities seem to extinguish Catholic religious sentiment (58%) and gather a very minority percentage (3% of believer of another religion) with difficulties of social integration, compared to municipalities with less of 2000 inhabitants (78% of Catholics and 1% of believers of other religions) [ 38 ]. The proportion of believers in Spanish society seems to be decreasing and is unstoppable ([ 1 , 5 , 50 , 51 ]), a trend seen in the societies of the European Union ([ 9 , 11 , 12 , 19 , 52 ]), and in general, in Western countries ([ 16 , 34 ]). The latest available records show that religious marriages in Spain during the year 2021 were 24,607 (16.6%) of the total register for that year (147,827 marriages) [ 4 ], much less than those registered in previous years.…”

“…Similar trends are observed in other European countries ([ [9] , [10] , [11] , [12] , [13] , [14] ]), with many authors describing a trivialization of religiosity where religion is acknowledged only in words, not in faith or practice ([ [15] , [16] , [17] ]). These phenomena are associated with secularization, which is presented as an inexorable process linked to the passage of time, demographic changes, and the permeabilization of social change in the globalized world of Western societies and in large cosmopolitan cities ([ [18] , [19] , [20] , [21] ]).…”