Religion and HIV/AIDS Stigma in Puerto Rico: A Cultural Challenge for Training Future Physicians

Varas-Díaz, Nelson; Neilands, Torsten B.; Cintrón-Bou, Francheska; Santos-Figueroa, Axel; Marzán-Rodríguez, Melissa; Marqués, Domingo

doi:10.1177/1545109712472935

Cited by 7 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Nevertheless, these associations may not be generalizable to LGBT youth given doctrines that view homosexuality and transgenderism as sinful, resulting in feelings of alienation, shame, and fear. Some research on ethnic minority populations has also suggested that regardless of a specific individual's experience in faith-based institutions, religiosity in the larger society can reinforce the stigmatization of sexual minorities, resulting in discrimination in a range of institutional settings, such as health care (Varas-Díaz et al 2013).…”

Section: Juvenile Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Community Institutions: Black Transgender Women’s Experiences in Schools, the Criminal Justice System, and Churches

Graham

2014

Sex Res Soc Policy

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Young transgender women, especially those of color, are negatively impacted by suicidality, HIV, residential instability, survival sex work, and other challenges. This study used an oral narrative approach to collect life histories of 10 young black transwomen between 18 and 24 years of age residing in Detroit, Michigan. This study used grounded theory analysis to explore institutional violence, discrimination, and harassment (VDH). Participants described their experiences navigating three community institutions (schools, the criminal justice system, and churches) and broader society. Results highlight VDH through gender policing at school, sexual victimization in the criminal justice system, and negative judgment of gender variation in faith-based institutions. Participants reference the essential role of support systems, including other transgender individuals, in both their gender identity development and the navigation of institutions. Significant policy intervention is needed to protect and support transwomen, and prevent VDH perpetuated against them. Across all institutions, policy and practice interventions can focus on use of transgender appropriate and sensitive language, prevention of physical and sexual assaults, and antidiscrimination measures. Specific policy recommendations and future research directions are outlined.

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Section: Juvenile Justice Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Navigating Community Institutions: Black Transgender Women’s Experiences in Schools, the Criminal Justice System, and Churches

Graham

2014

Sex Res Soc Policy

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“…Yet, research has evidenced both; positive and negative association between religion and sexual health (Dalmida, Koenig, Holstad, & Wirani, 2013; Galvan, Collins, Kanouse, Pantoja, & Golinelli, 2007; Shaw & El-Bassel, 2014). Based on previous research on the role of religion on sexuality and HIV in PR (Varas-Díaz et al, 2010, 2014), it was surprising that religion was not a factor significantly related with the sexual health indicators selected for this analysis. None the less, it is recommended to continue researching the role of religion on health, particularly among historically oppressed populations.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We also considered previous analyses on the role of these indicators in health inequities (Asada, Whipp, Kindig, Billard, & Rudolph, 2014). Similarly, previous research addressing sexual health and HIV were also considered (Ruiz-Muñoz et al, 2013; Varas-Díaz, Neilands, Malavé-Rivera, & Betancourt, 2010; Varas-Díaz et al, 2014; Wabiri & Taffa, 2013). …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual Health and Socioeconomic-Related Factors Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in Puerto Rico

et al. 2015

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Most of the research among HIV-positive populations has been approached from behavioral risk models. This is particularly true for those otherwise socially vulnerable groups like men who have sex with men (MSM). As a response to this pattern, we examined data from an ongoing health promotion research being conducted in Puerto Rico (PR). The study is limited to HIV-positive MSM and consists of the participation in a survey interview that includes domains used to assess indicators of socio-economic-related factors (age, educational level, employment, religion, and partnership status) and sexual health (sexual satisfaction, condom use, and sexual health knowledge (SHK)). Participants reported a relatively high level(75 %) of sexual satisfaction and inconsistent condom use (50.9 % reported always using a condom). A deficient (61 %) SHK was also reported. In multivariate analyses, a higher educational level was associated with higher sexual satisfaction (aβ = 3.223; 95 % CI 0.291–6.156) and higher levels of SHK (aβ=1.328; 95 % CI 0.358–2.297), while unemployment was associated with less condom use (aOR 0.314; 95 % CI 0.122–0.810). Not having a primary sexual partner was associated with less sexual satisfaction (aβ= −3.871; 95 % CI −7.534–0.208) and more condom use (aOR 4.292; 95 % CI 1.310–14.068). Findings support the notion that men of a disadvantaged socioeconomic position may have a poorer sexual health status; with a lower level of education and unemployment leading this disparity. Findings also evidence that partnership status may have a role in the sexual health of HIV-positive MSM. To our knowledge, this is the first comprehensive analysis of sexual health and socio-economic indicators among Hispanic/Latino HIV-positive MSM in PR and in the Caribbean. Findings provide valuable information to address the sexual health needs of an underserved population.

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“…Notwithstanding, these recommendations should be considered in context. In Puerto Rico, high levels of sexuality-related stigma, 12,13,14 poor quality sex education, 15 limited access to contraception, 16,17 and limited participation in the allocation of resources for prevention 18 make prevention of new Zika infections in accordance with these recommendations challenging, if not downright onerous. For example, researchers in Puerto Rico have evidenced that there is poor quality sex education available, 15,19 limited access to contraception, 16,17 low levels of reproductive planning, 20 high levels of gender-based violence, 21 and low rates of condom use among women.…”

Section: Manuscriptmentioning

confidence: 99%

Zika virus epidemic in Puerto Rico: Health justice too long delayed

Rodríguez-Díaz

Garriga-López

Malavé-Rivera

et al. 2017

International Journal of Infectious Diseases

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Summary In 16 months over 35,400 cases of Zika virus infection have been confirmed in Puerto Rico. This represents 85% of all cases reported on the United States of America and its territories. Zika epidemic is exposing the profound failure of socioeconomic policies, as well as of the protection of sexual and reproductive health rights in Puerto Rico. Considering high poverty rates, high levels of sexuality-related stigma, poor quality sex education, limited access to contraception, and limited participation in the allocation of resources for prevention; it is unreasonable to focus public health efforts to prevent Zika virus infection to vector control. The allocation and equitable management of resources for research and intervention are required in order to understand and address barriers and facilitators for prevention at the individual, social, and structural levels. Further, the impact of efforts to tackle the social determinants of Zika virus epidemic in the island should be assessed.

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Religion and HIV/AIDS Stigma in Puerto Rico: A Cultural Challenge for Training Future Physicians

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Navigating Community Institutions: Black Transgender Women’s Experiences in Schools, the Criminal Justice System, and Churches

Navigating Community Institutions: Black Transgender Women’s Experiences in Schools, the Criminal Justice System, and Churches

Sexual Health and Socioeconomic-Related Factors Among HIV-Positive Men Who Have Sex with Men in Puerto Rico

Zika virus epidemic in Puerto Rico: Health justice too long delayed

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