Religion and Peace—Anatomy of a Love–Hate Relationship

Abstract

Human history is filled with numerous examples—both past and present—that make religion and violence appear to be best friends. Ever since the events surrounding 9/11, religiously inspired violence has been considered one of the most pressing issues of our times (cf. Juergensmeyer 2017; Kimball 2008). While the conflictive dimensions of religion are still indisputably at the forefront of public and political attention, religion’s significant resources for peace and reconciliation gain increasing attention as well. This contribution will provide an analysis of the love–hate relationship between religion and peace in three consecutive steps. The first part focuses on the role(s) of religion in conflict. Frazer and Owen’s six different ways of thinking about religion provide a model for better understanding religion’s conflictive sides (Frazer and Owen 2018; cf. Frazer and Friedli 2015). In a second step, this article discusses religion’s potent, yet often neglected constructive resources for sustainable peace. While taking into account the vast diversity of religious actors, certain content-based and formal characteristics emerge that help to shed light on the otherwise vague “religious factor” in peacebuilding. Finally, an example taken from post-genocide Rwanda will serve to illustrate the discussions in parts I and II.

The Role of Education on Human Dignity: Fostering Peace and Diminishing Violence

“…This prevalence is largely due to the expansion of what is often termed 'modern-liberal' peace, as disseminated through historical processes of colonialism and developmental ideologies (Daley 2014). In the context of religions, peace may involve fostering interfaith dialogue, promoting religious tolerance and working towards social justice and reconciliation (Schliesser 2020;Osajie 2021).…”

“…Scholars in peace and conflict studies, sociology, political science and other related fields have contributed to the understanding of these concepts (Galtung 1990;Gleditsch et al 2014). Yet, definitions of violence and peace can also be influenced by religious beliefs, practices and teachings (Basedau and Koos 2015;Schliesser 2020). This makes it crucial to consider multiple perspectives and engage in interdisciplinary dialogue while studying violence and peace.…”

Buya and religious issues in the 2019 presidential election in West Sumatra

“…Religious leaders might influence voters because they are role models in society. Religious leaders, according to Schliesser (2020), are role models for the community. As moral authorities, they act as influencers by shaping social values.…”

Humanitarianism and Religious Inequalities: Addressing a Blind Spot

“…Conflicts are frequently driven by discrimination and generate massive numbers of refugees and internally displaced persons (IDPs) as they flee from persecution and violence, whilst individuals or groups may be targeted for their identity or face insecurity during community activities. Research in conflict resolution and international peace-building has found that ignoring dynamics of religious pluralism can become a source of conflict if not addressed sensitively (Schliesser 2020). Further data shows that violence against religious minorities during conflict can also make them vulnerable to further attacks in refugee settings (see USCIRF 2013a, 2013b).…”