Religion, discrimination and trust across three cultures

The Multidimensional Effects of Religion on Socioeconomic Development: A Review of the Empirical Literature

“…For a proper understanding of the relationship between religion and development and the corresponding causal mechanisms, it makes hence sense to disaggregate religion into such different dimensions. The idea of a multidimensional concept of religion is not new (e.g., Glock, ; Allport and Ross, ; Barro and McCleary, ; Chua et al ., ). Already Durkheim acknowledged the multidimensionality of religion by emphasizing the beliefs and practices that religious communities follow.…”

“…If people share the same beliefs, even formally, group identities emerge. Religious identities can follow the same in‐ and outgroup mechanisms as other group identities (such as ethnicity or class) (Chuah et al ., ) sometimes independent from particular religious ideas within a given community.…”

Social identity and discrimination: Introduction to the special issue

“…They find that children are less prone to cooperate with out-group members and that this gap increases with age. Chakravarty et al (2016) and Chuah et al (2016) study discrimination based on religious identity. Chakravarty et al (2016) focus on village-level religious fragmentation among Hindus and Muslims in rural India.…”

“…They find that cooperation rates in the prisoners' dilemma, and to a lesser extent the stag hunt game, are higher when subjects of either religion play with in-group members than when they play with out-group members or with someone whose identity is unknown. Chuah et al (2016) study the effect of religiosity and religious identity in China, Malaysia and the UK. They find that interpersonal similarity in religiosity and affiliation promote trust through beliefs of reciprocity.…”

Biased Altruism: Islamophobia and Donor Support for Global Humanitarian Organizations

“…To assess how social identity influences charitable giving, we ask whether willingness to donate is shaped by the religion of the recipient (not only that of the donor). Chuah et al () find that Malaysian students participating in a prisoner dilemma experiment cooperated more with students of the same religious creed and that the religiosity of participants increased their likelihood of cooperating even more (see also Chuah et al ). Similarly, Gaduh () finds, using the Indonesian Family Life Survey, that religiosity is associated with in‐group biases across religions in Indonesia: more religious individuals are more trusting of coreligionists and less tolerant of non‐coreligionists.…”