Religion, Spirituality, and the Workplace: A Review and Critique

Abstract

Religion and spirituality strongly influence how most people experience the world, and opportunities to integrate faith and work abound. Yet research on religion, spirituality, and the workplace continues to have somewhat limited impact on mainstream organizational psychology and organizational behavior research. We review the most recent generation of research in this area. We describe high-level trends in the literature and summarize consistent patterns of results linking these constructs with usually beneficial attitudinal, behavioral, and other types of criterion variables. We identify four challenges that hamper progress in this area of research: conceptualizing and measuring core constructs, finding coherence amid theoretical diversity, integrating multiple levels of analysis and explanation, and navigating religion and spirituality in organizational practice. All of these challenges point to paths forward that may usher in a new wave of scholarship using meaning systems as an integrative framework, and practices that foster inclusion, integration, and both individual and organizational well-being. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, Volume 11 is January 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

Nietzsche’s three metamorphoses of the spirit and Schopenhauer’s primordial suffering: an organizational culture change model redefining spirituality in the workplace

“…, 2022) – and wellness programs, along with yoga and guided meditation sessions to foster individual spirituality development, meaningful, nonviolent and compassionate communication through empathy and interconnection under universal values (Sarkar and Garg, 2020) in this “form of secular spirituality” (du Plessis, 2021, p. 35), contributing to the workplace members maturity. Consequently such initiatives foster job satisfaction and organizational citizenship, being the pillars of overall organization’s growth and success (Dik et al. , 2023; Houghton et al.…”