International talent flow is critical to meeting the needs for skilled human capital in global and multinational organisations and in developed and developing countries. Recent decades have witnessed a boom in research into long-term skilled international mobility, especially the traditional category of international assignees, but also skilled immigrants and a relatively new expatriate type: self-initiated expatriates. The upsurge in empirical interest has highlighted a number of issues relating to the way the research has been conducted. This article examines methodological issues associated with research into the three expatriate types and seeks to advise researchers on how future research can be conducted to improve the robustness of results. In this way, practitioners and policy makers may be able to make more use of the empirical evidence. Contact:
INTRODUCTIONT he demand for skilled talented employees by global and multinational organisations for their foreign operations and by foreign countries for economic development continues to grow at a rapid pace (Vaiman et al., 2012;Brookfield, 2014;Silvanto and Ryan, 2014). The demand is consistent with 'talent flow', the worldwide circulation of professionals and managers who expatriate to take advantage of the attractive opportunities on offer (Carr et al., 2005;Meyskens et al., 2009;Cerdin and Brewster, 2014). In line with this interest, scholars have increased their investigations into long-term (over a year) skilled (i.e. tertiary-educated) international mobility (cf. reviews: Andresen et al., 2012;Shaffer et al., 2012;Dabic et al., 2013;Doherty, 2013). The three major forms of such talented employees are (a) organisational transfers/international assignees (cf. reviews: Harrison et al., 2004;Bhaskar-Shrinivas et al., 2005;Stroh et al., 2005;Harvey and Moeller, 2009;Takeuchi, 2010); (b) self-initiated expatriates (cf. reviews: Doherty, 2013;Doherty et al., 2013;Dorsch et al., 2013;Cerdin and Selmer, 2014); and (c) skilled (im)migrants (e.g. OECD, 2008;Syed, 2008;Al Ariss et al., 2012).In this analysis, I reflect on the ways by which recent empirical studies in the area of HRM into these three forms of skilled long-term international mobility -international assignees/assigned expatriates (IA/AEs), self-initiated expatriates (SIEs) and skilled immigrants (SIs) -have been conducted, and I investigate the research design issues linked to the three streams of enquiry. In doing this, I examine the design issues linked to the three types of expatriation and advise researchers on how to construct their research design such that it produces best-quality evidence, which will then be more likely to be used by practitioners and policy makers (cf. Rousseau and Barends, 2011). bs_bs_banner