REM latency and core temperature relationships in primary depression

Avery, David; Wildschiødtz, Gordon; Smallwood, Robert G.; Martin, David C.; Rafaelsen, Ole J.

doi:10.1111/j.1600-0447.1986.tb06244.x

Cited by 52 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…The temperature minimum increased (consistent with the decrease in amplitude) in the luteal phase compared to the follicular menstrual cycle phase. Most likely, this increase is a function of progesterone in the luteal phase and is consistent with reports of higher temperatures (mostly nocturnal but some daily) in depression and LLPDD (Avery et al, 1982(Avery et al, ,1986Pflug et al, 1976Pflug et al, ,1981Severino et al, 1991;Wehr et al, 1980). The increased mesor of the temperature rhythm in the luteal phase compared to that in the follicular phase is consistent with the report by Lee (1988) and with changes both in amplitude and minimum levels, reflecting a change in the overall waveform.…”

Section: Amplitude Changessupporting

confidence: 90%

“…Thus symptomatic conditions (the LL phase) and groups (PMDD) are associated with an increase in the temperature mesor. Treatment effects are associated with a decrease in the temperature mesor, consistent with some reports in the literature in which decreased temperature values or metabolic rates were associated with remission of symptoms (Avery et al, 1982(Avery et al, , 1986Pflug et al, 1976Pflug et al, ,1981Souetre et al, 1989;Wu et al,1992).…”

Section: Amplitude Changessupporting

confidence: 89%

“…Depressed patients have been reported to have higher nocturnal temperature values and reduced amplitudes of core body temperature rhythms compared to those of healthy control subjects and patients in remission (Avery et al, 1982(Avery et al, , 1986Lund et al,1983;Pflug et al, 1976Pflug et al, ,1981Souetre et al, 1988Souetre et al, , 1989Wehr et al, 1980). Treatments for depression including antidepressant medication and light therapy often alter nocturnal temperature minima and amplitude (Avery et al, 1986;Beersma et al, 1983;Clark and Lipton, 1986;Fernstrom et al, 1985;Lund, 1987;Rosenthal et al, 1990). Also, the therapeutic effects of sleep deprivation, which reduce depressive symptoms in a majority of patients with major mood disorders (Gillin, 1983;Liebenluft and Wehr, 1992; Van den Hoofdakker, 1994;Wu and Bunney, 1990), can be blocked by increasing ambient temperature .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Temperature Circadian Rhythms during the Menstrual Cycle and Sleep Deprivation in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Normal Comparison Subjects

et al. 1997

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The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the circadian rhythm of core body temperature is altered in premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD) subjects compared to that in normal comparison (NC) subjects and that it is normalized in PMDD subjects after treatment with early night partial sleep deprivation (ESD) or late night partial sleep deprivation (LSD). A total of 23 subjects meeting DSM-IV criteria for PMDD and 18 NC subjects had 24-h core body temperature recordings taken during the following conditions: (1) baseline midfollicular (preovulatory) and (2) late luteal (postovulatory) menstrual cycle phases and after a randomized crossover trial in subsequent luteal phases of (3) ESD, in which subjects slept from 03:00 to 07:00 h, followed by (4) a night of recovery sleep (ESD-R: sleep 22:30 to 06:30 h), and (5) LSD, in which subjects slept from 21:00 to 01:00 h, also followed by (6) a night of recovery sleep (LSD-R: sleep 22:30 to 06:30 h). Temperature amplitudes were significantly decreased in the luteal phase compared to those in the follicular menstrual cycle phase and increased after nights of recovery sleep. Compared to the baseline late luteal phase, during LSD, temperature amplitude increased in PMDD subjects but decreased in NC subjects. During ESD, the temperature acrophase was delayed in PMDD subjects but was advanced in NC subjects; during LSD, the temperature acrophase was advanced in PMDD subjects but was delayed in NC subjects compared to the late luteal baseline. Nocturnal temperature and temperature maxima and mesors tended to be higher in PMDD subjects than in NC subjects; when not reduced during sleep deprivation interventions, these were not associated with therapeutic effects. Alterations in both phase and amplitude of temperature circadian rhythms characterize PMDD subjects as contrasted with NC subjects in response to sleep deprivation. The changes in phase reflected more shifts in temperature acrophase in response to shifts in sleep in PMDD subjects. This realignment of the timing of sleep and temperature in addition to the enhancement of blunted amplitude rhythms during recovery nights of sleep may provide corrective mechanisms that contribute to the therapeutic effects of sleep deprivation.

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Section: Amplitude Changessupporting

confidence: 90%

Section: Amplitude Changessupporting

confidence: 89%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Temperature Circadian Rhythms during the Menstrual Cycle and Sleep Deprivation in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Normal Comparison Subjects

et al. 1997

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“…An analysis of the rhythm from previous circadian studies, however, does not appear to well fit this pattern [23], and also goes against observations of 24-hour elevations of temperature found in other studies [27]. These observations of in-Rausch/Johnson/Corley/Hobby/ Shendarkar/Fei/Ganapathy/Leibach creased daytime temperatures combine with observations of increased nocturnal temperatures in depressed patients [22,[28][29][30], suggesting an overall elevation of body temperature. Nonetheless, this study does not preclude an expectation of phase advance in a portion of the depressed population consistent with the literature.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Most [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], but not all [24,25], of these studies showed disturbed circadian temperature rhythms in patients with depression and other mood disorders [26,27]. Some [22,[28][29][30], but not all [31], studies on depressed patients have documented high nocturnal temperatures and higher mean 24-hour temperatures [28]. Another study of bipolar depressed patients [27] indicated higher mean daily temperatures from continual measurements.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Depressed Patients Have Higher Body Temperature: 5-HT Transporter Long Promoter Region Effects

et al. 2003

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Background: Depression has been associated with a decrease in intracellular serotonin (5-HT) reuptake through its transporter, SERT. The 5-HT transporter long promoter region (5-HTTLPR) deletion in the SERT gene has also been associated with a decrease in 5-HT reuptake. Conversely, increases in extracellular 5-HT have been associated with increased temperature. It has not been established, however, whether body temperature in depressed patients is different from controls. Here, we hypothesized that temperature would be increased in depressed patients as well as in those with the 5-HTTLPR deletion. Methods: A strict oral temperature protocol employed single, cross-sectional, naturalistic time-of-day temperature measures in 125 subjects (46 normal controls, 79 outpatients with major depression). Controls and depressed patients were free of psychotropic medication and classified by the Structured Clinical Interview for Psychiatric Diagnoses. Eighty-one of the subjects (68 depressed, 13 normal) were additionally genotyped for 5-HTTLPR polymorphisms. Results: Depressed patients had a significantly higher uncorrected body temperature (mean ± SD 98.38 ± 0.61°F) than controls (mean ± SD 98.13 ± 0.59°F; F = 4.8, p = 0.03). An age (F = 14.09, p < 0.001) and time-of-day (11.4, p = 0.001) correction revealed a more robust (F = 14.02, p < 0.001) difference between depressed patients (mean ± SD 98.44 ± 0.55°F) and controls (mean ± SD 98.02 ± 0.56°F). When normalized for age and circadian differences between subjects, random, outpatient oral temperatures had a sensitivity of 63% and a specificity of 76% in identifying the depressed subjects from the controls. Independent of depression, subjects with the 5-HTTLPR deletion (short SERT allele) were warmer (mean ± SD 98.33 ± 0.65°F) than those lacking the short allele on either chromosome (mean ± SD 97.91 ± 0.69°F; F = 7.0, p = 0.01). However, the genotype did not explain the temperature differences between controls and depressed patients. Conclusion: This is the first demonstration of an increased daytime body temperature in cases with major depression. Subjects with a corrected temperature above 98.3°F were 2.6-fold more likely to be depressed. The results may strengthen the hypothesis of an inflammatory component of depression. In addition, the findings suggest a potential link between genetic differences in 5-HT transport and body temperature.

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Reduced REM Latency in Depression: Mechanical Considerations

Schwartz¹

1991

Arch Gen Psychiatry

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REM latency and core temperature relationships in primary depression

Cited by 52 publications

References 22 publications

Temperature Circadian Rhythms during the Menstrual Cycle and Sleep Deprivation in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Normal Comparison Subjects

Temperature Circadian Rhythms during the Menstrual Cycle and Sleep Deprivation in Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder and Normal Comparison Subjects

Depressed Patients Have Higher Body Temperature: 5-HT Transporter Long Promoter Region Effects

Reduced REM Latency in Depression: Mechanical Considerations

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