Remain or return home: The migration intentions of first‐generation migrants in Italy

Abstract

Investigating future migration intentions as a proxy of future migration behaviours is useful to capture a more complete understanding of the entire migration process.This also allows a fuller consideration of the policy implications of these intentions for the origin and destination countries. The aim of this paper is to analyse the individual factors associated with the return migration intentions of first-generation migrants living in Italy, a new immigration country, whose migrants' return intentions have been little explored so far. We use data from the survey on the "Social Condition and Integration of Foreign Citizens" carried out by ISTAT in 2011-2012, and we apply a binary logistic regression model. The results show both the complexity and the interconnection of the factors associated with return migration intentions and that migration projects, histories, and goals count more than legal status for return intentions. Moreover, results prove that return migration intentions are influenced by conflicting processes, whose outcomes are not always easy to schematize: integration is a factor that tends to strengthen the ties with the country of residence, whereas transnationalism reinforces those with the country of origin. These factors should be considered by policymakers, especially when immigration assumes a crucial role in the receiving countries' labour market structure and population dynamics, such as in the case of Italy. Different migratory backgrounds, profiles, histories, and projects will require in-depth examination by scientists and policymakers, because the long-term ability and willingness of a host country to attract and retain migrants should be adapted accordingly.

Settlement intention of migrants in the Yangtze River Delta, China: The importance of city‐scale contextual effects

“…Besides education, demographic and social factors also matter. For instance, younger migrants are more likely to settle at destination than the elderly, and married migrants report higher probability of settlement intention (Bonifazi & Paparusso, 2019). Stronger social attachment and social networks in the host city also enhance migrants' settlement intentions, but social links with places of origin encourage people to return (Reyes, 2001).…”

“…Stronger social attachment and social networks in the host city also enhance migrants' settlement intentions, but social links with places of origin encourage people to return (Reyes, 2001). Such attachments include having family members, especially children, at the locality, or developing a wide network of social ties (Bonifazi & Paparusso, 2019).…”

Who Wishes to Return? Ties to Home Country Among the Romanian Migrants

“…Based on the findings of earlier studies, we control for an economic variable (remittances), a political participation variable (voting in national elections of the home country) and for a socio-demographic variable (age). 2 Remittances are important for return migration decisions (Dustmann & Mestres 2010) because they are usually driven by a rational strategy according to which migrants send money home to make sure that the necessary financial resources are covered prior to their return (Fokkema 2011;Bonifazi & Paparusso 2018;Collier et al 2018). Owusu (1998) found that the remittances sent by Ghanaian migrants for house-building projects were important signals for their intention to return in their country of origin.…”

Who Wishes to Return? Ties to Home Country among the Romanian Migrants

“…Based on the findings of earlier studies, we control for an economic variable (remittances), a political participation variable (voting in national elections of the home country), and for a socio-demographic variable (age). 2 Remittances are important for return migration decisions (Dustmann and Mestres 2010) because they are usually driven by a rational strategy according to which migrants send money home to make sure that the necessary financial resources are covered prior to their return (Fokkema 2011;Bonifazi and Paparusso 2018;Collier, Piracha, and Randazzo 2018). Owusu (1998) found that the remittances sent by Ghanaian migrants for house-building projects were important signals for their intention to return to their country of origin.…”