A large number of studies have shown that the modification
of biochar
can greatly improve its adsorption capacity. This study adopts a one-step
ball milling technology without solvent medium, using sawdust biochar
(600 °C) and attapulgite/diatomaceous earth to prepare MABC10%/MDBC10%
(mass ratio: 10% attapulgite/diatomite +90% biochar coabrasive). Characterization
experiments show that attapulgite/diatomite was successfully loaded
on biochar and has more C/O functional groups and wider adsorption
pore sizes. Adsorption kinetics and isotherm experiments show that
the adsorption process of MABC10% and MDBC10% on Cu2+/Pb2+ was mainly multilayer chemical adsorption. The adsorption
capacities of MABC10% and MDBC10% for Cu2+ were 40.85 and
65.20 mg·L–1, respectively. The adsorption
amounts of Pb2+ were 82.63 and 71.32 mg·L–1, respectively. The particle diffusion model shows that the adsorption
process was controlled by both the surface adsorption rate limitation
and boundary layer diffusion. The higher acidity in the solution will
cause part of the negative charges on the surface of attapulgite/diatomite
to be neutralized, thereby hindering its adsorption of Cu2+/Pb2+. The presence of coexisting ions did not significantly
affect the adsorption performance. Mechanistic studies have shown
that pore diffusion, active sites provided by C/O functional groups,
electrostatic interactions, and cation exchange are the main mechanisms
of MABC10% adsorption of Cu2+/Pb2+. In summary,
MABC10% has a significant adsorption synergistic effect compared to
MBC. It was an economical and effective adsorbent, and the higher
the pH value of the wastewater, the more significant the adsorption
effect.