Remarks on Refractive Index Mixture Rules

Abstract

Thus, for the perchlorates the self-ionization equilibrium might be represented as CIO4-C103+ + O2-(32) and Cl2 evolution would then ensue by the reaction C103+ + CIO4--> [CIA] -> Cl, + 7*0, (33) Such a mechanism would also be consistent with the oxide-donating or basic properties of perchlorates, so that an 02_ ion acceptor or acid would move reaction 32 to the right and thus increase the rate and extent of reaction 33. A number of investigators have noted that catalysts for MC10, and MCIO4 decompositions can generally be divided into two categories: oxide catalysts (e.g., Fe203, Mn02, Bi203, CuO, Sn02, etc.) which yield substantially Cl2-free 02 and oxide catalysts (e.g., PA, B203, W03, Mo03, V205, etc.) which cause much Cl2 production. It now seems clear that the first group of materials represents true catalytic agents while the second group of substances are polymeric acids, capable of 02~ion capture and thus enter into specific, irreversible chemical reactions with the Cl-containing oxy anions.Acknowledgment. The aid and encouragement given by B. Schrier during the performance of this work are greatly appreciated.Remarks on Refractive Index Mixture Rules

Biologically relevant photoacoustic imaging phantoms with tunable optical and acoustic properties

“…Optical absorption coefficient (μ a ) and reduced scattering coefficient (μ 0 s ) spectra were calculated using the inverse adding-doubling (IAD) method, 49,50 which requires knowledge of the anisotropy factor, g, and refractive index, n, of the sample. The refractive indices of BBP and DEHA are 1.540 and 1.447, respectively; using the Lorentz-Lorenz mixture rule for refractive index, 51 75/25% BBP/DEHA PVCP is expected to have a refractive index of 1.516. It is worth noting that the IAD's computed reduced scattering coefficient is relatively insensitive to the assumed value of g. 49 We assumed g ¼ 0.7 based on Mie scattering theory for homogeneous spherical particles (using open-source MATLAB software 52 ).…”

Quantification of glucose and glycerol diffusion in myocardium

“…(4) in the limits of experimental errors, but reduces signi¯cantly to a calculation time, especially for the inverse problem solving. The temporal dependence of the refractive index of the tissue interstitial°uid (n I ) can be found using the law of Gladstone and Dale, 59 which states that for a multi-component system the resulting value of the refractive index represents an average of the refractive indices of the components related to their volume fractions:…”

Influence of defocus on quantitative analysis of microscopic objects and individual cells with digital holography

“…Thus, any errors introduced by incorrect values of α would result in systematic errors in cell experiments but would leave any observed trends intact. On the other hand, if changes in material properties of cells were to occur during experiments, it is not clear that the value of α would indeed stay constant as some materials do change their refractive index with density [13][14][15]. Further experiments to assess the validity of assuming the value of α to be constant are warranted.…”

“…Dry mass is an attractive parameter for analysis via QPM since it does not explicitly depend on knowledge of the refractive index of the sample. However, the DM measurement is limited by knowledge of α which is often taken as a constant, assumed value [13][14][15]. Several analyses of cell properties have been presented based on evaluating dry mass using quantitative phase imaging [16][17][18].…”