Remedial Aspect of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Against Serratia Marcescens and Enterococcus Faecalis

Abstract

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) have been widely used in biomedical applications due to their high biocompatibility and low toxicity to humans. The present work aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of different concentrations of ZnO NPs on two opportunistic pathogens, Serratia marcescens and Enterococcus faecalis. The surface interaction between nanoparticles and bacterial cell wall, and the subsequent morphological alterations on the bacterial surface, were examined through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and scanning electron microscope. The energy dispersive X-ray analysis was used to confirm the elemental composition of ZnO NPs and the cellular accumulation of ZnO NPs in bacteria. The growth-inhibitory test demonstrated a dose-dependent growth inhibitory effect of ZnO NPs against both the test bacteria, as the higher concentration of nanoparticles caused the higher bacterial growth inhibition. The results showed that ZnO NPs caused a higher growth inhibition (63.50 ± 2.50%) on the Gram-positive bacterium E. faecalis compared to the Gram-negative bacterium S. marcescens (51.27 ± 4.56%). Fourier transform infrared spectrum revealed the possible involvement of hydroxyl, carboxyl, amides, methylene, and phosphate groups from the biomolecules of bacterial cell wall such as proteins, carbohydrates, lipids, and phospholipids in the interaction of ZnO NPs on bacterial cell surface. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis showed the higher accumulation of ZnO NPs in E. faecalis than S. marcescens analogous to the bacterial growth inhibition. Scanning electron microscopy images confirmed the antibacterial properties of ZnO NPs, showing the loss of integrity of cell membrane and distortion of bacterial cells. Hence, the potential of ZnO NP as an antibacterial agent against S. marcescens and E. faecalis has been confirmed.

Study of the antibacterial effects of the starch-based zinc oxide nanoparticles on methicillin resistance <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> isolates from different clinical specimens of patients from Basrah, Iraq

“…In this study, the highest concentrations of the starch-based ZnO-NPs exhibited significantly greater inhibition zones compared to the lowest concentrations. These results were consistent with the previous studies in which higher concentrations of ZnO-NPs showed stronger antimicrobial effects [8] , [25] , [26] . However, some studies showed that the inhibition zone of nanoparticles starts to shrink beyond an optimal concentration [28] , [29] .…”

Photodynamic Alginate Zn-MOF Thermosensitive Hydrogel for Accelerated Healing of Infected Wounds

“…The MOF-Gel group also displayed antibacterial activity with (P < 0.001) or without (P < 0.001) laser irradiation compared with PBS-Gel group, suggesting that Zn 2+ might cause bacterial death by the damage of bacterial membranes. 45 Interestingly, the group of Ce6@MOF-Gel with Laser showed the best antibacterial effect among all groups (1.21 ± 0.15%, P < 0.05), which was close to that of the positive control penicillin (1.06 ± 0.49%). The significant suppression may be owing to the synergistic antibacterial effect of Zn-MOF combined with PDT in Ce6@MOF-Gel.…”

“…As shown in Figure a,b, the bacterial survival rate in the group of Ce6-Gel with Laser was 34.3 ± 8.61% due to the production of ROS by PDT. The MOF-Gel group also displayed antibacterial activity with ( P < 0.001) or without ( P < 0.001) laser irradiation compared with PBS-Gel group, suggesting that Zn 2+ might cause bacterial death by the damage of bacterial membranes . Interestingly, the group of Ce6@MOF-Gel with Laser showed the best antibacterial effect among all groups (1.21 ± 0.15%, P < 0.05), which was close to that of the positive control penicillin (1.06 ± 0.49%).…”

Antibacterial Efficacy of Zinc oxide nanoparticles against Serratia marcescens (ATCC 43862) and Enterococcus faecalis (ATCC 29121)

“…In line with these findings, our earlier publication reported a dose-dependent growth inhibition of ZnO NPs on S. marcescens and E. faecalis with more percentage of growth inhibition on E. faecalis with the reported values of 5. 42, 16.69, 23.74, 32.07, 54.73, and 63.50 % compared with 1.34, 5.65, 16.03, 21.73, 32.1 and 51.27 % of growth inhibition on S. marcescens for 5, 10, 20, 40, 80, and 160 μg/ml of ZnO NPs respectively at 24 hours (Djearamane et al 2022).…”

“…The previous publication of the same author (Djearamane et al 2022) studied the surface topology of ZnO NPs using scanning electron microscopy and reported it as the mixed rod and sphericalshaped particles with an average size of 59.1 nm.…”