Remedial Options for Creosote‐ Contaminated Sites

Wu, Wei-Jr; Delshad, Mojdeh; Oolman, T.; Pope, Gary A.

doi:10.1111/j.1745-6592.2000.tb00268.x

Cited by 12 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Numerical simulations were performed in two and three dimensions using a version of the University of Texas Chemical Compositional Simulator (UTCHEM 9.0) [ Delshad et al , 1996], modified to simulate hysteretic infiltration and entrapment in nonuniform permeability fields. UTCHEM has been used to simulate a number of 2‐D and 3‐D physicochemical source zone remediation scenarios (e.g., Surfactant Enhanced Aquifer Remediation (SEAR)) [ Brown et al , 1994; Edwards et al , 1999; University of Texas Chemical Compositional Simulator ( UTCHEM ), 2000; Wu et al , 2000; Delshad et al , 2000; Roeder and Falta , 2001; Ouyang et al , 2002] and partitioning tracer tests [ Jin et al , 1997; Young et al , 1999]. Its application to model hysteretic DNAPL infiltration and entrapment, however, has not been documented in the literature.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional simulations of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs): Migration and entrapment in a nonuniform permeability field

Christ

Lemke

Abriola

2005

Water Resources Research

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[1] The influence of reduced dimensionality (two-dimensional (2-D) versus 3-D) on predictions of dense nonaqueous phase liquid (DNAPL) infiltration and entrapment in statistically homogeneous, nonuniform permeability fields was investigated using the University of Texas Chemical Compositional Simulator (UTCHEM), a 3-D numerical multiphase simulator. Hysteretic capillary pressure-saturation and relative permeability relationships implemented in UTCHEM were benchmarked against those of another lab-tested simulator, the Michigan-Vertical and Lateral Organic Redistribution (M-VALOR). Simulation of a tetrachloroethene spill in 16 field-scale aquifer realizations generated DNAPL saturation distributions with approximately equivalent distribution metrics in two and three dimensions, with 2-D simulations generally resulting in slightly higher maximum saturations and increased vertical spreading. Variability in 2-D and 3-D distribution metrics across the set of realizations was shown to be correlated at a significance level of 95-99%. Neither spill volume nor release rate appeared to affect these conclusions. Variability in the permeability field did affect spreading metrics by increasing the horizontal spreading in 3-D more than in 2-D in more heterogeneous media simulations. The assumption of isotropic horizontal spatial statistics resulted, on average, in symmetric 3-D saturation distribution metrics in the horizontal directions. The practical implication of this study is that for statistically homogeneous, nonuniform aquifers, 2-D simulations of saturation distributions are good approximations to those obtained in 3-D. However, additional work will be needed to explore the influence of dimensionality on simulated DNAPL dissolution.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional simulations of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs): Migration and entrapment in a nonuniform permeability field

Christ

Lemke

Abriola

2005

Water Resources Research

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“…At large sites, it is often possible to pump and remove the free-phase DNAPL directly (Wu et al, 2000); however, a considerable amount of mass can be left behind as trapped residual. Much effort has been focused on the use of flushing solutions intended to facilitate DNAPL removal, such as hot water and polymers (Wu et al, 2000). Initially developed for the petroleum industry, these methods can successfully remove large amounts of mass.…”

Section: Remediation and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Often additional efforts are necessary to reduce the mass flux from the residual phase to the mobile dissolved phase (Wu et al, 2000). It is also believed that at many sites that the majority of the tar mass is present as entrapped residual (Luthy et al, 1994).…”

Section: Remediation and Modelingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dense non-aqueous phase liquids at former manufactured gas plants: Challenges to modeling and remediation

Birak

Miller

2009

Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

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The remediation of dense non-aqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs) in porous media continues to be one of the most challenging problems facing environmental scientists and engineers. Of all the environmentally relevant DNAPLs, tars in the subsurface at former manufactured gas plants (FMGP's) pose one of the biggest challenges due to their complex chemical composition and tendency to alter wettability. To further our understanding of these complex materials, we consulted historic documentation to evaluate the impact of gas manufacturing on the composition and physicochemical nature of the resulting tars. In the recent literature, most work to date has been focused in a relatively narrow portion of the expected range of tar materials, which has yielded a bias toward samples of relatively low viscosity and density. In this work, we consider the dissolution and movement of tars in the subsurface, models used to predict these phenomena, and approaches used for remediation. We also explore the open issues and detail important gaps in our fundamental understanding of these extraordinarily complex systems that must be resolved to reach a mature level of understanding.

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“…Numerical multiphase simulations of viscous NAPL migration (e.g., Reitman et al 1992;Wu et al 2000) owe their reliability to the development of petroleum reservoir simulators such as the University of Texas chemical flood simulator (UTCHEM) (Delshad et al 1996;Pope et al 1999), which is used in the simulations that follow. The model domain is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Simulation Of Napl Migrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Migration of viscous non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in alluvium, Fraser River lowlands, British Columbia

Jackson¹,

Dwarakanath²,

Ewing³

et al. 2006

Can. Geotech. J.

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Coal tar, creosote, and similar viscous non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) behave in alluvial soils in a manner significantly different from that of less viscous NAPLs, such as gasoline and chlorinated solvents. Their unique behavior is due to the interaction of their physical-chemical parameters: a density often greater than water, a viscosity significantly greater than water, and an interfacial tension that yields a positive initial spreading coefficient at airwater-NAPL interfaces. This results in slow, creeping flow that causes long-term contamination at former manufactured gas plants and wood-preserving sites and of their adjacent surface waters. Multiphase simulations of this creeping flow are shown for a site along the lower Fraser River near Vancouver, British Columbia, and the long-term consequences of the migration of viscous NAPLs in alluvium are discussed from the perspective of site characterization and brownfields redevelopment.Résumé : Le goudron, la créosote et autres liquides visqueux similaires (NAPLs) se comportent dans les sols alluvionnaires de façon appréciablement différente des NAPLs moins visqueux tels que l'essence et les solvants chlorés. Leur comportement unique est dû à l'interaction de leurs paramètres physico-chimiques : une densité souvent plus grande que celle de l'eau, une viscosité appréciablement plus grande que celle de l'eau, et une tension superficielle qui donne un coefficient d'étalement initial positif aux interfaces air-eau-NAPL. Il s'ensuit un écoulement lent en fluage qui entraîne une contamination à long terme sur les anciens sites de production d'essence et de bois traité, et dans les eaux de surface environnantees. Nous présentons des simulations miltiphases de cet écoulement en fluage pour un site longeant la partie basse du fleuve Fraser près de Vancouver, Colombie-Britanique, et nous discutons des conséquences à long terme de la migration des NAPLs visqueux dans les alluvions, dans la perspective de la caractérisation des sites et du développement des terrains décontaminés.

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Remedial Options for Creosote‐ Contaminated Sites

Cited by 12 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional simulations of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs): Migration and entrapment in a nonuniform permeability field

Comparison of two‐dimensional and three‐dimensional simulations of dense nonaqueous phase liquids (DNAPLs): Migration and entrapment in a nonuniform permeability field

Dense non-aqueous phase liquids at former manufactured gas plants: Challenges to modeling and remediation

Migration of viscous non-aqueous phase liquids (NAPLs) in alluvium, Fraser River lowlands, British Columbia

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