Remedial Technology Selection for Chlorinated Solvent Plumes

Column experiment on activation aids and biosurfactant application to the persulphate treatment of chlorophene-contaminated soil

“…They can provide rapid and complete contaminant degradation at moderate costs. [13] Among various chemical oxidation techniques applied for soil treatment, persulphate oxidation is a relatively novel process that has gained interest as a soil remediation technology. [14][15][16][17] Treatment with persulphate is especially advantageous due to its higher stability over that of the other remedial chemicals, such as hydrogen peroxide.…”

Groundwater Remediation Today and Challenges and Opportunities for the Future

“…Translating such guidance to more complex sites can be problematic. Consequently, the current state of the practice is not to identify presumptive remedies for most contaminated groundwater sites, but rather it is to identify “red flags” that indicate that caution is warranted (Stroo ). Presumptive remedies do not recognize the need for flexibility in the selection process.…”

Release efficiencies of potassium permanganate controlled-release biodegradable polymer (CRBP) pellets embedded in polyvinyl acetate (CRBP-PVAc) and polyethylene oxide (CRBP- PEO) for groundwater treatment

“…Potassium Permanganate (KMnO₄) has been widely used as a strong oxidant for the remediation of groundwater contaminated by chlorinated ethylenes such as trichloroethylene (TCE), perchloroethylene (PCE), Vinyl Chloride (VC), and dichloroethylene (DCE) [ [1] , [2] , [3] , [4] ] due to its relatively high stability, oxidation potential, diffusion in low permeability zones and cost-efficiency [ 5 ]. Studies have demonstrated that KMnO₄ can oxidize chlorinated ethylene compounds into both easily degradable and non-hazardous by-products such as hydrogen chloride, carbon dioxide, and organic acids through spontaneous cleavage of carbon-carbon bond [ 1 , [5] , [6] , [7] , [8] , [9] ]. Additionally, KMnO₄ has also been reported to degrade phenolic materials into quinone and other compounds as a result of ring cleavage [ 10 ].…”

“…It generally involves the use of various methodologies, which includes: air sparging, monitored natural attenuation, in-situ chemical oxidation, controlled release technology, phytoremediation, electrochemical reduction, and enhanced reductive dechlorination, etc. [ 8 ]. Air sparging involves the injection of gas (oxygen/air) below the water table in order to remediate contaminated groundwater [ 14 ].…”

“…Air sparging involves the injection of gas (oxygen/air) below the water table in order to remediate contaminated groundwater [ 14 ]. The role of the injected oxygen is to volatilize the contaminants dissolved in the groundwater into their vapor phase allowing them to migrate upwards to the vadose zone where they can be extracted [ 8 , 15 ]. Its main advantages are low cost and easy installation but it has limited application in low permeability zones and deep aquifers [ 8 , 16 ].…”