Remediation of contaminated soil by red mud and paper ash

Oprčkal, Primož; Mladenovič, Ana; Zupančič, Nina; Ščančar, Janez; Milačić, Radmila; Serjun, Vesna Zalar

doi:10.1016/j.jclepro.2020.120440

Cited by 53 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…coal ash and slag, it can be classified as non-hazardous waste that should be tested for leachate behaviour and then landfilled according to legislation (Decree on waste landfill, Uradni list RS, 2014, 10/14). Considering growing environmental concerns and the limited space available for landfilling, a more attractive alternative to the disposal of such no-value waste might be recycling, with onward use in various geotechnical applications, for example as geotechnical composites 26 . Elevated concentrations of natural radionuclides are, however, commonly found in by-products of coal combustion 27 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and impact of aged coal ash with slag emplaced in a karst cave: the case of Divaška jama, Slovenia

Oarga-Mulec

Skok

Simčić

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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A mixture of coal bottom ash and slag, with a fraction of fly ash (CAFAS) from steam locomotives, was placed in the cave Divaška jama to delimit and level tourist trails. Emplacement began in 1914 and carried on for several decades. The CAFAS mixed with other cave material gradually changed its structure and appearance. Currently the concentration of some elements in the CAFAS (As, Cu, Hg, Ni, Pb, Zn), and also to a lesser extent in cave sediments (Cr, Cu, Ni), indicates a possibly harmful effect on sediment-associated biota based on ecotoxicological assays. Compared to the cave sediment, the CAFAS contains distinctly different mineral phases and presents a different source of radioactivity. Microbial metabolic activity of CAFAS is low, 0.22 μl O2/gDW h, but higher than that of cave sediment. The present environmental hazards from CAFAS are estimated to be low. Whereas the emplacement of CAFAS was seen initially a long-term solution for waste disposal and management of the cave, it turned out that CAFAS enriches the underground environment with inorganic and organic compounds and disperses pollution into the cave ecosystem. After its removal from the cave, the CAFAS should be investigated thoroughly due to its susceptibility to alteration.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characteristics and impact of aged coal ash with slag emplaced in a karst cave: the case of Divaška jama, Slovenia

Oarga-Mulec

Skok

Simčić

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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“…Oprčkal et al 14 proved that DPSA is a hydraulically active material. In this study, to investigate the phase composition during the hydration of the ash over longer time intervals, samples were prepared into a paste by being mixed with an excess of demineralized water.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Valorized deinking paper residue as fill material for geotechnical structures

Bizjak

Likar

Mladenovič

et al. 2021

Sci Rep

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This study introduces a novel geotechnical composite material comprising two types of fill material sourced from the paper industry—deinking paper sludge ash (DPSA) and deinking paper sludge (DPS). Five composites with different DPSA and DPS contents were investigated. Two composites were selected for further analyses. The technology and procedure for composite installation were implemented in field tests. The composites with 80% and 70% DPSA exhibited the elasticity required to withstand minor landslide slip deformations, in addition to achieving sufficiently high values of uniaxial compressive strength. The composites had a low maximum dry density value, which led to fewer settlements in the entire support structure. The enhanced shear characteristics can enable the construction of a thinner retaining wall. The delay between preparation and installation of the composites was further investigated. The field tests confirmed that the composites with 80% and 70% DPSA can be installed on the construction site 4 h and even 24 h after mixing. In 2018, a retaining wall structure with 70% DPSA and 30% DPS was successfully implemented near a railway line using conventional technology as followed-up research to the herein presented study. Results have been derived from work performed in the scope of the H2020 Paperchain project in which novel circular economy models centered on the valorization of the waste streams generated by the pulp and paper industry as secondary raw material for several resource-intensive sectors, including the construction sector, have been developed. Environmental benefits are savings in natural raw materials, reduction of landfill disposal as well as CO2 emission reduction.

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“…Effects of soil amendments on soil physical properties: Amendment application have a significant impact on the strength and structure of polluted soils. For example, Oprckal et al found that after 3 and 56 day curing, the combined application of paper ash and red mud increased the unconfined compressive strength of the treated soil by 2 and 4 times, respectively, which was mainly due to the formation of new hydration reaction products during the extended curing time [94]. Li et al added organic and inorganic soil amendments to Cd polluted soil and showed that the functional groups and large specific surface of amendments could promote the integration of small agglomerates and the formation of large agglomerates in soils [94].…”

Section: Effects Of Soil Amendments On Physical Chemical and Biologic...mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Remediation Mechanisms and Effects of Chemical Amendments for Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Literature

Wang¹,

Fu²,

Xu³

et al. 2022

Pol. J. Environ. Stud.

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Many countries around the world are suffering from serious problems associated with soil heavy metal pollution, especially developing countries. Heavy metal contaminants in soils mainly result from soil natural weathering and anthropogenic activities such as industrial and agricultural activities, coal-burning as well as transportation. It is widely acknowledged that heavy metal pollution may lead to the deterioration of soil environmental quality and the loss of soil ecological functions. Therefore, the control and remediation for soil heavy metal pollution need to be urgently carried out to guarantee human health and food security. To date, soil amendments are increasingly employed to remediate heavy metal contaminated soils. In recent years, the research progress at an international scale is reviewed with regard to soil amendments used for the remediation of heavy metal polluted soils by laboratory and field-scale studies. A summary is provided with soil amendment types, metal stabilization mechanisms, as well as the influences of soil amendment application on soil properties. At last, future research prospects are put forward to broaden the development of this field. It is expected to provide valuable references for the research and practice of heavy metal stabilization in polluted soils.

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Remediation of contaminated soil by red mud and paper ash

Cited by 53 publications

References 28 publications

Characteristics and impact of aged coal ash with slag emplaced in a karst cave: the case of Divaška jama, Slovenia

Characteristics and impact of aged coal ash with slag emplaced in a karst cave: the case of Divaška jama, Slovenia

Valorized deinking paper residue as fill material for geotechnical structures

The Remediation Mechanisms and Effects of Chemical Amendments for Heavy Metals in Contaminated Soils: A Review of Literature

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