Remediation of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova using vetch as green manure

Wiesmeier, Martin; Lungu, M.; Hübner, Rico; Cerbari, V.

doi:10.5194/se-6-609-2015

Cited by 30 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 63 publications

(69 reference statements)

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“…At the two experimental sites in Orhei and Cahul, hairy vetch was used as cover crop, which is a high yielding species that may be also suitable under dry conditions and additionally fixes large amounts of atmospheric nitrogen (Teasdale, Devine, Mosjidis, Bellinder, & Beste, ; Tenopala, Gonzalez, & de la Barrera, ). Our study indicated that cover cropping using hairy vetch is an effective C sequestration option with a total rate of 0.8 t ha −1 yr −1 in the 0‐ to 10‐cm layer and 1.0 t ha −1 yr −1 in the 10‐ to 30‐cm layer, although these values are lower than very high rates directly after implementation (Wiesmeier, Lungu, et al, ). The measured C sequestration rate is substantially higher than global mean estimates for cover crops (Poeplau & Don, ), but within the range of other studies that specifically investigated sites under hairy vetch (0.2 to 2.7; see Wiesmeier, Lungu, et al, , and references therein).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…Our study indicated that cover cropping using hairy vetch is an effective C sequestration option with a total rate of 0.8 t ha −1 yr −1 in the 0‐ to 10‐cm layer and 1.0 t ha −1 yr −1 in the 10‐ to 30‐cm layer, although these values are lower than very high rates directly after implementation (Wiesmeier, Lungu, et al, ). The measured C sequestration rate is substantially higher than global mean estimates for cover crops (Poeplau & Don, ), but within the range of other studies that specifically investigated sites under hairy vetch (0.2 to 2.7; see Wiesmeier, Lungu, et al, , and references therein). The fine fraction‐based OC sequestration rate in the 0‐ to 10‐cm layer is only slightly lower than the total rate as a high proportion of OC was found in the fine fraction.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…However, under a continental climate as in Moldova with precipitation rates <500 mm year −1 , cover cropping is less common as decreased water availability could cause a lower productivity of subsequent main crops (Cherr et al, 2006;Unger & Vigil, 1998 Barrera, 2012). Our study indicated that cover cropping using hairy vetch is an effective C sequestration option with a total rate of 0.8 t ha −1 yr −1 in the 0-to 10-cm layer and 1.0 t ha −1 yr −1 in the 10-to 30-cm layer, although these values are lower than very high rates directly after implementation (Wiesmeier, Lungu, et al, 2015).…”

Section: Carbon Sequestration By Agroforestrymentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Moreover, intensive arable farming led to substantial losses of soil organic carbon (SOC), which is one of the main causes for decreased soil fertility and declining crop yields in Moldova (Andries et al, 2014;Batjes, 2002;Boincean, 2014;Krupenikov, Boincean, & Dent, 2011;Ursu et al, 2014). Given the strong decrease of SOC stocks, there is presumably a high saturation deficit of stable SOC and thus a high SOC storage capacity in these soils, which have high silt and clay contents (Krupenikov et al, 2011;Wiesmeier, Lungu, Hübner, & Cerbari, 2015).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rebuilding soil carbon in degraded steppe soils of Eastern Europe: The importance of windbreaks and improved cropland management

Wiesmeier

Lungu²,

Cerbari³

et al. 2018

Land Degrad Dev

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Long‐term cultivation of steppe soils in a nonsustainable way caused severe soil degradation and reduced agricultural productivity in Eastern Europe, one of the world's most important areas for cereal production. In order to combat soil erosion and maintain yields, a widespread system of tree windbreaks was introduced in the 1950s, accompanied by improved agricultural practices in recent years. However, information on the effectiveness of such measures to rebuild soil organic carbon (SOC) is scarce. The objective of this study was to estimate the OC storage potential of the fine mineral fraction of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova and to quantify SOC sequestration rates under (a) windbreaks, (b) cropland with improved crop rotation/manure application, and (c) cropland with cover cropping. Natural grassland relicts served as a reference to estimate the SOC saturation potential. Our results revealed a low SOC saturation of 50% under conventional agricultural use due to high SOC losses, indicating a high potential for SOC sequestration. Relatively high SOC sequestration rates were determined for topsoils (0–30 cm) under windbreaks (0.9 t ha−1 yr−1), improved crop rotation/manure application (1.3 t ha−1 yr−1), and cover cropping (1.9 t ha−1 yr−1). In this regard, sequestration rates derived from OC changes of the fine fraction may be more reliable than total SOC‐based rates, particularly for windbreaks with high proportions of labile SOC. We conclude that implementation of improved agricultural management together with the maintenance of windbreaks is a promising strategy to rebuild SOC, reduce widespread soil erosion and compaction, and secure Moldova's agricultural productivity.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

Section: Carbon Sequestration By Agroforestrymentioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Rebuilding soil carbon in degraded steppe soils of Eastern Europe: The importance of windbreaks and improved cropland management

Wiesmeier

Lungu²,

Cerbari³

et al. 2018

Land Degrad Dev

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“…XTB-5 is an attractive microorganism for environment remediation and agronomic applications. Moreover, microbial remediation, especially combined phytoremediation, is important to reduce land degradation (Glenn et al, 2016;Wiesmeier et al, 2015).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Characterization of Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 for Phenol Degradation and Plant Growth Promotion and Its Application in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

Chen

et al. 2016

Land Degrad Dev

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A key issue when researching land degradation is the pollution of soils. For bioremediation of contaminated soil, Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 cells were obtained from soil and grown on mineral salt medium with initial phenol concentrations of 650 mg L−1 and 850 mg L−1, which were found to degrade more than 98% of phenol content in less than 4 days. About 90% of phenol content (with initial concentration of 250 mg kg−1 soil) was removed from soil inoculated with XTB‐5 cells in 6 days. More than 90% of phenol content was removed within 20 days after co‐introduction of XTB‐5 cells and plants to sterilized soil in a greenhouse or to natural soil in field trials. But under the same conditions, individual introduction of plants to sterilized soil in the greenhouse reduced phenol content by about 50% and introduction to natural soil in field trials reduced phenol content by about 38%, suggesting that phytoremediation of phenol is often inefficient and microorganisms can efficiently degrade this pollutant. In addition, strain XTB‐5 was found to solubilize phosphate and produce 1‐Aminocyclopropane‐1‐Carboxylate (ACC) deaminase and siderophore. Strain XTB‐5 promoted plant growth in both phenol‐absent and phenol‐spiked soil under greenhouse and field conditions. Considering that ACC deaminase is beneficial to plant growth under adverse environmental conditions, plant growth promotion by XTB‐5 in phenol‐contaminated soil is not only due to XTB‐5 cell‐degradation of phenol and reduced phytotoxicity but also to production of ACC deaminase. Hence, Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 presents an attractive microorganism for phytoremediation of contaminated soil and agronomic application. Copyright © 2016 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Phytoremediation of a Nitrogen‐Contaminated Desert Soil by Native Shrubs and Microbial Processes

2016

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We combined phytoremediation and soil microbial nitrification and denitrification cycles to reduce nitrate and ammonium levels at a former uranium mill site near Monument Valley, Arizona. Ammonia used in uranium extraction was present throughout the soil profile. Sulfate, applied as sulfuric acid to solubilize uranium, was also present in the soil. These contaminants were leaching from a denuded area where a tailings pile had been removed and were migrating away from the site in groundwater. We planted the source area with two deep-rooted native shrubs, Atriplex cansescens and Sarcobatus vermiculatus, and irrigated transplants for 11 years at 20% the rate of potential evapotranspiration to stimulate growth, then discontinued irrigation for 4 years. Over 15 years, total nitrogen levels dropped 82%, from 347 to 64 mg kg À1 . Analysis of δ 15 N supported our hypothesis that coupled microbial nitrification and denitrification processes were responsible for the loss of N. Soil sulfate levels changed little; however, evapotranspiration reduced sulfate leaching into the aquifer. For arid sites where traditional pump-and-treat methods are problematic, the Monument Valley data suggest that alternatives that incorporate native plants and rely on vadose zone biogeochemistry and hydrology could be a sustainable remediation for nitrogen contaminated soil.

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Remediation of degraded arable steppe soils in Moldova using vetch as green manure

Cited by 30 publications

References 63 publications

Rebuilding soil carbon in degraded steppe soils of Eastern Europe: The importance of windbreaks and improved cropland management

Rebuilding soil carbon in degraded steppe soils of Eastern Europe: The importance of windbreaks and improved cropland management

Characterization of Burkholderia sp. XTB‐5 for Phenol Degradation and Plant Growth Promotion and Its Application in Bioremediation of Contaminated Soil

Phytoremediation of a Nitrogen‐Contaminated Desert Soil by Native Shrubs and Microbial Processes

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