Remediation of Emerging Heavy Metals from Water Using Natural Adsorbent: Adsorption Performance and Mechanistic Insights

Abstract

The presence of potentially toxic metals in water causes a strong impact on environment and human health. In this study, activated biochar was produced by using chemical oxidation method from wheat straw as natural adsorbent and was employed for heavy metals competitive remediation. The morphology, structure, and chemical properties of biochar before and after adsorption were characterized by FTIR, XRD, SEM and EDX mapping techniques. The competitive adsorption efficiency of adsorbent for divalent cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) from contaminated water was investigated by using wide range of several initial metal concentration, contact time and pH. Maximum adsorption of Cd(II) and Pb(II) was found in the pH range of 6–8. The adsorption capacity for Cd(II) and Pb(II) was 8.85 and 9.03 mg/g, respectively. Thermodynamics parameters and kinetic models were applied to adsorption data. The isotherm data followed Langmuir model, corresponding to monolayer adsorption of the two ions in the contaminated water. The kinetic data followed the pseudo 2nd order kinetics model, which authenticates the chemisorption nature. The thermodynamic study indicated that Cd adsorption is a spontaneous exothermic process while Pb adsorption is an endothermic process. Mineral precipitation, surface complexation, and cation-π interactions are the major remediation strategies for Cd(II) and Pb(II).

Anthracene and Pyrene Biodegradation Performance of Marine Sponge Symbiont Bacteria Consortium

“…Several species of sponge symbiont bacteria can also carry out the bio-adsorption of several types of heavy metals, namely, mercury (Hg), chromium (Cr), arsenic (As), lead (Pb), cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), nickel (Ni), zinc (Zn), and cobalt (Co) [43][44][45][46]. The development of the function and performance in the biodegradation of PAHs and bio-adsorption of heavy metals by sponge symbiont bacteria, in the form of a consortium of potential bacteria, can be used to effectively manage polluted environments [47].…”

Highly efficient engineered waste eggshell-fly ash for cadmium removal from aqueous solution

“…Since both SEM of M1 and M2 after adsorption shows a higher accumulation of particles compared with SEM images before (Figures), which suggests that adsorption takes place in the inner pores of the prepared material and thus decreasing the porosity of the adsorbent. This fact indicates that both M1 and M2 show morphological changes after cadmium adsorption 76 , 79 .…”

Potential Utilization of Bacterial Consortium of Symbionts Marine Sponges in Removing Pollutants Global Trends: A Review

“…The substrate degradation process, both biostimulation and bioaugmentation methods [127,128], using bacteria, continues until transition products are obtained in the form of acidic compounds (carboxylic) [8][9][10][11]33,56]. At this stage, the performance of bacteria often drops significantly due to their inability to tolerate an acidic medium [28,77]. As a result of this process, bacterial cells cannot continue the process of cell division, so there is no more prolonged regeneration of bacterial cells that grow to continue the degradation process [56,124].…”

“…The results of this research have given birth to many findings, technologies, innovations and methods related to removing the toxic nature of contaminants [24,25]. Degradation, reduction, destruction, and absorption are recommended and can be applied to decompose carcinogenic pollutants in the environment [26][27][28]. This method can be called bioremediation technology if it involves the role of living organisms, including the contribution of microorganisms as biodegradators that can decompose or may be able to eliminate the toxic properties of GTP contaminants [29][30][31].…”