Remediation of groundwater pollution by in situ reactive zone: A review

Wang, Bing; Gao, Chunyang; Li, Xingchun; Zhang, Yuzhu; Qu, Tongxu; Xianyuan, Du; Zheng, Jin

doi:10.1016/j.psep.2022.10.046

Cited by 20 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 113 publications

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“…[98]. IRZ stands out for its low remediation cost; according to the study, the remediation cost by IRZ is 18.5% of that of PRB [97].…”

Section: In Situ Application Of Bioremediation Agentmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…Bioremediation agents are mainly applied in two ways: permeable reactive barrier (PRB) [12] and in situ reactive zone (IRZ) [97]. PRB, also called Permeable reactive treatment zone, needs to construct a barrier and apply its reactive media, which is a remediation agent.…”

Section: In Situ Application Of Bioremediation Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Based on the different materials used in the agent, the size may not be suitable for IRZ use. For example, developed agents like Al-ORABs and Encap ORB can only be utilized via the PRB system [26,56,58,99], emulsified vegetable oil and pH buffers use IRZ, The application method may vary depending on site characteristics and bioremediation agents, but as shown in Table 4, IRZ has been favored by environmental managers [97].…”

Section: In Situ Application Of Bioremediation Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Review on Research and Application of Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation Agents for Organic Pollution Remediation in Groundwater

Xie,

Zhang,

Jing

et al. 2024

Water

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Groundwater is an important part of the water resources, crucial for human production and life. With the rapid development of industry and agriculture, organic pollution of groundwater has attracted great attention. Enhanced in-situ bioremediation of groundwater technology has gradually gained attention because of its high efficiency and low environmental impact. Bioremediation agents are crucial for bioremediation technology. In this review, bioremediation agents were classified into three categories: biological nutrition agents, slow-release agents, and microbial agents. Biological nutrition agents are a specific mixture of mineral salt and carbon source; slow-release agents may contain mineral salt, carbon source, pH buffers, and oxygen-releasing material and microbial agents with specific microbial culture. By adding bioremediation agents to the polluted sites, they can improve population density and degradation efficiency for microbial degradation of pollutants. To assist future development and application of bioremediation agents, the development of different agents in laboratory and commercial to date was retrieved online via publisher sites and cooperation case studies. The data collected were analyzed and reviewed, as well as application and remediation effects of enhanced in-situ bioremediation agents were summarized. Current studies mainly focus on laboratory development and experiments, while field tests and remediation effects between different agents are of less concern. Further study may focus on developing new materials, especially coating or loading materials, and systematic evaluation of different agents, considering both laboratory research and on-site experiments, in order to improve the efficiency of in situ organically contaminated groundwater bioremediation.

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“…[98]. IRZ stands out for its low remediation cost; according to the study, the remediation cost by IRZ is 18.5% of that of PRB [97].…”

Section: In Situ Application Of Bioremediation Agentmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: In Situ Application Of Bioremediation Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In Situ Application Of Bioremediation Agentmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Review on Research and Application of Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation Agents for Organic Pollution Remediation in Groundwater

Xie,

Zhang,

Jing

et al. 2024

Water

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“…Groundwater has become one of the main resources for the supply of drinking water [1][2][3]. However, its quality has decreased due to pollution, caused mainly by industrialization [4,5], which continuously produces large amounts of organic and inorganic pollutants [6][7][8]. Recent research is focused on the chemical characterization of groundwater using numerical models [9][10][11][12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introduction and Objectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Environmental Assessment of Soil and Groundwater Pollution by BTEX Leaching in Valencia Region (Spain)

Rodrigo-Ilarri,

Rodrigo-Clavero,

Capilla

et al. 2023

Water

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The impact of hydrocarbon spills in the unsaturated zone is a significant environmental concern, particularly in locations where contamination arises from leaks in underground fuel storage tanks (USTs). This paper presents the outcomes achieved through the utilization of VLEACH, a finite-difference numerical model, to assess the concentrations of organic contaminants in the solid, liquid, and gas phases within the vadose zone. Additionally, it evaluates the mass transfer of pollutants to the aquifer as part of an environmental assessment for the placement of a forthcoming service station. The study encompasses an analysis of 18 scenarios under realistic conditions based on actual field data. These scenarios were constructed, taking into account various factors, including the nature of the leak (one-time or permanent), the depth of the phreatic level, and the soil conditions and properties. The results highlight the potential environmental consequences of a permanent leak as compared to those resulting from a specific accident. The findings further emphasize the substantial influence of soil moisture on transport phenomena within the vadose zone. Variations in soil moisture significantly alter hydraulic conductivity, impact magnitudes, transport velocities, and even the predominant transport mechanism. Consequently, precise delineation of soil moisture becomes a crucial parameter in such simulations. Additionally, it has been observed that each component of BTEX (benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene) experiences varying transport velocities through the vadose zone. Benzene, having a greater propensity to concentrate in the liquid and gas phases, exhibits the swiftest movement through the vadose zone. The detection of benzene in aquifers can serve as an indicator of the potential future arrival of the remaining BTEX compounds.

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Assimilation and value of injection response data for enhanced contaminated site characterization

Benavides Höglund,

Sparrenbom,

Hugman

2024

Hydrogeol J

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Collecting detailed hydrogeological data before, during, and after remediation campaigns is essential for effective management and monitoring of contaminated sites. As in-situ remediation injection treatment becomes more popular, recording the hydraulic response during these events offers an opportunity to collect detailed data on hydrogeological parameters. Often, multiple injections are performed in a grid pattern over an area targeted for treatment, essentially serving as spatially distributed and high-frequency inverse pumping tests. This information, which is often overlooked, can be assimilated into numerical models for enhanced site characterization and improved forecasts of management actions. However, the high pressures during injections often result in hydraulic fracturing. These events can represent temporary or permanent changes in aquifer properties and should be considered when assimilating injection response data into a model to reduce the risk of introducing parameter bias. Four groundwater models were developed for a contaminated site in Sweden, treated with in-situ injections in 2017. The models were designed to evaluate strategies for assimilating injection response data, including alternative weighting schemes and the use of time-varying parameters around injection points to account for hydraulic fracturing during injections. Results show that assigning a higher weight to observations recorded during injections, compared to records of ambient head, combined with the use of time-varying parameters, yielded the best results with the lowest risk of underestimating predictive uncertainty. A subsequent data worth analysis revealed that injection response data provided detailed insights into aquifer properties in the injection zone that were not available from ambient head data alone.

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Remediation of groundwater pollution by in situ reactive zone: A review

Cited by 20 publications

References 113 publications

Review on Research and Application of Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation Agents for Organic Pollution Remediation in Groundwater

Review on Research and Application of Enhanced In-Situ Bioremediation Agents for Organic Pollution Remediation in Groundwater

Environmental Assessment of Soil and Groundwater Pollution by BTEX Leaching in Valencia Region (Spain)

Assimilation and value of injection response data for enhanced contaminated site characterization

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