Remediation Technologies and Costs for Cleaning MTBE Contaminated Groundwater

Stupp, Hans Dieter

doi:10.1007/698_5_070

The Handbook of Environmental Chemistry

DOI: 10.1007/698_5_070

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Remediation Technologies and Costs for Cleaning MTBE Contaminated Groundwater

Hans Dieter Stupp¹

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“…In general, MTBE is more difficult and more expensive to remediate by conventional technologies (aeration, adsorption on activated carbon, ozonation, and advanced oxidation processes) than other typical fuel compounds such as benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene, and xylene (BTEX) isomers (52).…”

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confidence: 99%

Linking Low-Level Stable Isotope Fractionation to Expression of the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Encoding ethB Gene for Elucidation of Methyl tert -Butyl Ether Biodegradation in Aerated Treatment Pond Systems

Jechalke

Rosell

Lavanchy

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Multidimensional compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA) was applied in combination with RNA-based molecular tools to characterize methyl tertiary (tert-) butyl ether (MTBE) degradation mechanisms occurring in biofilms in an aerated treatment pond used for remediation of MTBE-contaminated groundwater. The main pathway for MTBE oxidation was elucidated by linking the low-level stable isotope fractionation (mean carbon isotopic enrichment factor [ C ] of ؊0.37‰ ؎ 0.05‰ and no significant hydrogen isotopic enrichment factor [ H ]) observed in microcosm experiments to expression of the ethB gene encoding a cytochrome P450 monooxygenase able to catalyze the oxidation of MTBE in biofilm samples both from the microcosms and directly from the ponds. 16S rRNA-specific primers revealed the presence of a sequence 100% identical to that of Methylibium petroleiphilum PM1, a well-characterized MTBE degrader. However, neither expression of the mdpA genes encoding the alkane hydroxylase-like enzyme responsible for MTBE oxidation in this strain nor the related MTBE isotope fractionation pattern produced by PM1 could be detected, suggesting that this enzyme was not active in this system. Additionally, observed low inverse fractionation of carbon ( C of ؉0.11‰ ؎ 0.03‰) and low fractionation of hydrogen ( H of ؊5‰ ؎ 1‰) in laboratory experiments simulating MTBE stripping from an open surface water body suggest that the application of CSIA in field investigations to detect biodegradation may lead to false-negative results when volatilization effects coincide with the activity of low-fractionating enzymes. As shown in this study, complementary examination of expression of specific catabolic genes can be used as additional direct evidence for microbial degradation activity and may overcome this problem.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Linking Low-Level Stable Isotope Fractionation to Expression of the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Encoding ethB Gene for Elucidation of Methyl tert -Butyl Ether Biodegradation in Aerated Treatment Pond Systems

Jechalke

Rosell

Lavanchy

et al. 2011

Appl Environ Microbiol

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Tunable 2D Nanomaterials; Their Key Roles and Mechanisms in Water Purification and Monitoring

Fatima

Shah

Tahir

et al. 2022

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Water supplies around the world are currently heavily polluted by heavy-metal chemicals, synthetic dyes, and other toxic pollutants released by major factories rather than typical household waste. This pollution necessitates adequate monitoring to protect natural water sources. There are various wastewater treatment methods available, including nanotechnology, i.e., two dimensional (2D) nanomaterials. Rising 2D nanomaterials including graphene, g-C3N4, MoS2, MXene, black phosphorus, and h-BN have exhibited an unparalleled surface-to-volume ratio, promising ultralow usage of material, ultrafast handling time, and ultrahigh treatment performance for cleaning, and monitoring of water. We provide a current overview of tunable 2D nanomaterials and their uses in water management. A brief description of 2D nanomaterials, their types, synthesis strategies and salient features involved in water management is provided. Furthermore, application of 2D nanomaterial in different processes of water treatment such as pollutants adsorption, filtration, disinfection, photocatalysis are discussed in detail. Likewise, the potential of 2D nanomaterials to be used in water quality monitoring gadgets like fluorescent sensors, colorimetric sensors, electrochemical sensors, and field-effect transistors are also explored. The study ends with a look at the current problems, limitations and future prospectus associated with the use of 2D material in water management. The importance of clean and fresh water to upcoming generations will bring new light and innovations to this emerging sector, allowing it to improve the quality and accessibility of water treatment while also ensuring global water supplies in an increasing part of the world.

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Remediation Technologies and Costs for Cleaning MTBE Contaminated Groundwater

Cited by 2 publications

References 0 publications

Linking Low-Level Stable Isotope Fractionation to Expression of the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Encoding ethB Gene for Elucidation of Methyl tert -Butyl Ether Biodegradation in Aerated Treatment Pond Systems

Linking Low-Level Stable Isotope Fractionation to Expression of the Cytochrome P450 Monooxygenase-Encoding ethB Gene for Elucidation of Methyl tert -Butyl Ether Biodegradation in Aerated Treatment Pond Systems

Tunable 2D Nanomaterials; Their Key Roles and Mechanisms in Water Purification and Monitoring

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