“…Any meaningpreserving approximation of an idea unit was accepted. As both Cofer (1973) and Zangwill (1972) found, subjects in the present study rarely wrote down an erroneous idea. Rather the most common error was one of omission.…”
“…Any meaningpreserving approximation of an idea unit was accepted. As both Cofer (1973) and Zangwill (1972) found, subjects in the present study rarely wrote down an erroneous idea. Rather the most common error was one of omission.…”
“…Recall tends to be confined to explicit text elements and inferences logically derivable from text elements. Indeed, Zangwill (1972) concluded that the data were sufficient to reject Bartlett's theory.…”
Thirty physical education students and 30 music education students read a passage that could be given either a prison break or a wrestling interpretation, and another passage that could be understood in terms of an evening of card playing or a rehearsal session of a woodwind ensemble.Scores on disambiguating multiple choice tests and theme-revealing disambiguations and intrusions in free recall showed striking relationships to the subject's background. These results indicate that high-level schemata provide the interpretative framework for comprehending discourse. The fact that most subjects gave each passage one distinct interpretation or another and reported being unaware of other perspectives while reading suggest that schemata can cause a person to see a message in a certain way, without even considering alternative interpretations.
“…Various objections have been raised against Bartlett's research (Zangwill, 1972). While we will not go over this ground here, most of the real or apparent difficulties have been handled satisfactorily by contemporary investigators (see .…”
Section: A Cross-cultural Perspective On Reading Comprehensionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…American and Indian subjects assimilated this to their own culturally-based expectations concerning married life. An often heard claim is that elaborations and distortions of the kind we have just summarized are oddities that appear only when the text is "bizarre" (Zangwill, 1972;Meyer, 1975). From the point of view of a native, the letters employed in the present study certainly were not bizarre.…”
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