Remineralization of artificial carious lesions using a novel fluoride incorporated bioactive glass dentifrice

Abstract

Background. Remineralization potential of dentifrices with novel compositions that can restore minerals back into incipient carious lesions has not been extensively studied so far. Objectives. The aim of this study was to assess the efficacy of a dentifrice based on novel fluoride incorporated bioactive glass in remineralizing artificial carious lesions in human enamel, and compare it with a standard fluoride-containing dentifrice. Material and methods. Twenty-four human extracted teeth were sectioned at the cementoenamel junction to obtain enamel blocks. These blocks (n = 24) were randomly divided into 3 groups, with each group containing 8 specimens: group 1 (negative control group; distilled water), group 2 (positive control group; fluoride toothpaste) and group 3 (test group; BioMin TM F toothpaste). Artificial carious lesions were produced in the enamel surfaces by exposing them to a demineralization solution (6% citric acid, pH 2.2) for 96 h. After demineralization, the specimens were brushed with manual toothbrushes in a toothbrush simulation machine (each sample received 800 strokes). For brushing the specimens from group 1, 20 mL of distilled water was used, for group 2-20 mL of slurry of toothpaste mixed with artificial saliva, and for group 3-20 mL of slurry of toothpaste (BioMin F) mixed with artificial saliva. The micro-hardness data (VHN-Vickers hardness number) was collected at baseline (sound enamel), post-demineralization and post-remineralization. Results. The biggest difference between the post-remineralization and post-demineralization values was observed in group 3 (mean VHN = 118.73), followed by group 2 (mean VHN = 60.54) and group 1 (mean VHN = 47.44). All the groups revealed significant differences (p < 0.05) when the post-demineralization and post-remineralization values were compared to baseline values within each group. Conclusions. The BioMin F group outperformed the other 2 groups in terms of remineralizing the demineralized enamel structure.

Dentin Tubule Occlusion Potential of Novel Dentifrices Having Fluoride Containing Bioactive Glass and Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles

“…The ideal dentifrice for treating DH should not only block the tubules but also preserve the occlusion of tubules when faced with acidic challenge [10]. The experimental dentifrices of this study blocked a majority of the tubules and also retained most of the tubule occlusion, post-acidic challenge.…”

“…The traditional BG composition (45S5, Bioglass © ) is devoid of fluoride and contains only calcium sodium phosphosilicate [27]. The dentifrice, based on Novamin © , is one such example as it contains BG, but no fluoride, in its glass composition; so, soluble fluoride needs to be added in the formation of the dentifrice [10]. To achieve maximum benefits of fluoride, it should be released and deposited slowly on to the surface of the tooth [10].…”

“…The dentifrice, based on Novamin © , is one such example as it contains BG, but no fluoride, in its glass composition; so, soluble fluoride needs to be added in the formation of the dentifrice [10]. To achieve maximum benefits of fluoride, it should be released and deposited slowly on to the surface of the tooth [10]. The presence of fluoride inside the BG composition ensures slow and sustained release of fluoride with the possibility of forming long-lasting FAP, rather than fluorite [6].…”

“…H 2 O: 0.69 g; CaCl 2 . H 2 O: 0.795 g; Na 2 S. 9H 2 O: 0.005 g. The pH of the freshly prepared AS was 5.5, which was adjusted to the neutral pH of 7.0 by adding aliquots of NaOH [10].…”

“…The reaction of BG in aqueous solution brings about a change in its structure and chemical composition, as it dissolves and leads to the formation of hydroxycarbonated apatite (HAP) [8]. The fluoride of traditional BGs is not inside their glass structure, although that would be more beneficial in ensuring the formation of strong fluorapatite (FAP) crystals [10]. One such commercially available toothpaste is BioMinF © , which has shown good tubule occlusion properties in a previous in vitro study [11].…”