Remineralization of Demineralized Dentin Induced by Amine‐Terminated PAMAM Dendrimer

Abstract

The remineralization of demineralized dentin with biomimetic templates is of great interest in the fields of material science and stomatology. Amine‐terminated PAMAM dendrimer (PAMAM‐NH2), which possesses a highly ordered architecture and many calcium coordination sites, may be a desirable template for inducing dentin remineralization. In this study, the remineralization effect of the third generation PAMAM‐NH2 (G3‐PAMAM‐NH2) on demineralized dentin is investigated. Demineralized dentin samples are treated with G3‐PAMAM‐NH2 solution (1 mg · mL−1), and then immersed in artificial saliva for different periods. The results confirm that G3‐PAMAM‐NH2 has a good binding capacity to demineralized dentin and can induce needle‐like crystals to precipitate both on the dentin surface and in the dentinal tubules. A good ability of the regenerated minerals to resist acid challenge and good biocompatibility of G3‐PAMAM‐NH2 are also proved. Overall, the results suggest that G3‐PAMAM‐NH2 is a promising biomaterial for inducing dentin remineralization.

Biomimetic mineralization of collagen fibrils induced by amine-terminated PAMAM dendrimers – PAMAM dendrimers for remineralization

“…In our previous studies, we successfully remineralized demineralized dentin with PAMAM dendrimers. [27,28] However, we only remineralized partially demineralized dentin and intrafibrillar remineralization was not observed due to the limitations in our detection system. In some clinical situations (i.e., hybrid layers created by etch-and-rinse adhesive systems), dentin surfaces are completely demineralized, which results in the exposure of type I collagen fibrils.…”

“…However, a previous study has demonstrated that there was nearly no cytotoxicity to oral cells when the concentration of PAMAM-NH 2 was lower than 1250 ug/mL. [28] Therefore, the concentration of PAMAM-NH 2 in this study (1000 ug/mL) was safe and could potentially be used in clinical dentistry.…”

Effect and Stability of Poly(Amido Amine)-Induced Biomineralization on Dentinal Tubule Occlusion

“…The size and shape of HA could be regulated by PAMAM dendrimer with different surface groups, generations, and concentrations [45,46]. Liang et al found that PAMAM can serve as a mineralization template and induce dentine remineralization with superior depth, good acid resistance, and good biocompatibility [35,37]. Indeed, PAMAM was demonstrated to be an excellent nucleation template for dentine [47].…”

A Dendritic Amphiphile for Efficient Control of Biomimetic Calcium Phosphate Mineralization

“…Up to now the vast majority of the studies with dendritic derivatives addressed the mineralization of CP in bulk aqueous solution for mimicking the effect of noncollagenous proteins, that is, the water‐soluble fraction of proteins. Other studies focused on in vitro remineralization of CP‐based composites such as dentine and enamel . These studies involved various types of dendrimers such as carboxylic acid‐terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, amine terminated dendrimers such as PAMAM, poly(propylene imine) (PPI), and branched poly(ethylene)imine (PEI), hydroxyl‐terminated PAMAM, and phosphate‐terminated PAMAM .…”

“…Other studies focused on in vitro remineralization of CP‐based composites such as dentine and enamel . These studies involved various types of dendrimers such as carboxylic acid‐terminated poly(amidoamine) (PAMAM) dendrimers, amine terminated dendrimers such as PAMAM, poly(propylene imine) (PPI), and branched poly(ethylene)imine (PEI), hydroxyl‐terminated PAMAM, and phosphate‐terminated PAMAM . Several other studies addressed the interaction of these and other polymers with CP crystals, mostly to evaluate the interaction of the terminal functional groups with the CP surface …”