Remineralization of desalinated water by limestone dissolution with carbon dioxide

Shemer, Hilla; Hasson, David; Semiat, Raphael; Priel, M.; Nadav, Nissim; Shulman, Arina; Gelman, Elena

doi:10.1080/19443994.2012.694236

Cited by 20 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 7 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Remineralization aims to adjust the alkalinity of RO-filtered water by re-introducing healthy minerals; tap water RO permeate is deficient in healthy minerals, has a slightly dry, burning feeling to the tongue, and is slightly corrosive with pH < 6.0 104 . Product water after remineralization not only makes RO-treated water more palatable, but also non-corrosive 105 , fulfilling the following water quality criteria: pH between 6.5 and 8.5; alkalinity >80 mg/L as CaCO 3 , and calcium carbonate precipitation potential (CCPP) range of 80 < CCPP < 120 mg/L as CaCO 3 106,107 . Figure 7 gives an example of a 5-in-1 alkaline, remineralization, and far-infrared filter 108 .…”

Section: Remineralizing Media Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of point-of-use drinking water treatment in the United States

Cao

Tong

et al. 2021

npj Clean Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Ensuring safe water supply for communities across the United States is a growing challenge due to aging infrastructure, impaired source water, strained community finances, etc. In 2019, about 6% of public water utilities in the U.S. had a health-based violation. Due to the high risk of exposure to various contaminants in drinking water, point-of-use (POU) drinking water treatment is rapidly growing in popularity in the U.S. and beyond. POU treatment technologies include various combinations of string-wound sediment filters, activated carbon, modified carbon, ion exchange and redox media filters, reverse osmosis membranes, and ultraviolet lamps depending on the contaminants of concern. While the technologies are well-proven, highly commoditized, and cost-effective, most systems offer little in the way of real-time performance monitoring or interactive technology like other smart home appliances (e.g., thermostats, smoke detectors, doorbells, etc.). Herein, we review water quality regulations and violations in the U.S. as well as state-of-the-art POU technologies and systems with an emphasis on their effectiveness at removing the contaminants most frequently reported in notices of violations. We conclude by briefly reviewing emerging smart water technologies and the needs for advances in the state-of-the-art technologies. The smartness of commercially available POU water filters is critiqued and a definition of smart water filter is proposed.

show abstract

Section: Remineralizing Media Filtersmentioning

confidence: 99%

A critical review of point-of-use drinking water treatment in the United States

Cao

Tong

et al. 2021

npj Clean Water

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…A schematic description of the experimental setup is presented elsewhere. 14 Calcite pellets obtained from two different sources were used (Table 2). The average particle size of each of the two tested pellets was specified by the manufacturers to be 2 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Design Considerations of a Packed Calcite Bed for Hardening Desalinated Water

Shemer

Hasson

Semiat

2013

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Desalinated water is poor in minerals, making it corrosive and unpalatable. A certain degree of remineralization is necessary in order to overcome these problems as well as to meet health requirements. A commonly used remineralization process is to pass desalinated water dosed with either CO2 or H2SO4 through a bed of limestone, reintroducing bicarbonate alkalinity and calcium hardness to the water. The paper presents cumulative experimental evidence confirming the reliability of the kinetic model developed by Yamauchi et al. and Letterman et al. The paper also analyzes the main operational parameters affecting the minimum cost design of a hardening column. Finally, the viability of incorporating a CO2 desorption process so as to reduce alkali consumption is examined.

show abstract

“…Typical inlet CO 2 concentrations are of the order of 1 to 5 mm [15][16][17][18] compared to CO 2 concentrations reaching 30 mm in the major dissolution study of Busenberg and Plummer [7]. The likelihood of mass transfer control is evident.…”

Section: Dolomite Dissolution Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The corresponding relation obtained from dissolution of calcite grains of the same average particle size of 2 mm is [18]:…”

Section: Analysis Of the Mtc Datamentioning

confidence: 99%