Reminiscences About Organic Photochromics

Chiral separation of helical chromenes with chloromethyl phenylcarbamate polysaccharide‐based stationary phases

“…The never declined interest in photocromic compounds has significantly increased over the last decades, particularly as a consequence of the development of fatigue‐resistant molecules belonging to the classes of spirooxazines and chromenes , which have found various important applications, the most well‐known of them in the production of photochromic ophthalmic lenses.…”

“…The never declined interest in photocromic compounds [1][2][3][4] has significantly increased over the last decades, particularly as a consequence of the development of fatigueresistant molecules belonging to the classes of spirooxazines and chromenes [5,6], which have found various important Abbreviations: CSP, chiral stationary phase; ECD, electronic circular dichroism; EEO, enantiomeric elution order; IPA, 2-propanol; T iso , isoenantioselective temperature Conflict of interest: The authors declare no conflict of interest. applications, the most well-known of them in the production of photochromic ophthalmic lenses.…”

5′-Substituted Indoline Spiropyrans: Synthesis and Applications

“…At present, significant progress has been made in synthesis and study of the polyfunctional properties of photochromic organic compounds of the following classes of spiropyrans, spirooxazines, chromenes, diarylethylenes, fulgides, indigoids, etc. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19]. Since the discovery of the spiropyran photochromism in the 1950s by Hirshberg [20] and in the course of more than 70 years of subsequent development, the photoactive materials with photoswitchable fragments have found their applications in various scientific research fields, ranging from chemistry, physics, and materials science, to biology and nanotechnology, but not in industry.…”

“…Spiropyrans of the indoline series are in focus as the most promising and the most studied representatives of multi-sensitive spirocyclic compounds, which can be switched by a number of external stimuli, including light, temperature, pH, presence of metal ions, mechanical stress, and other compounds. The spectral properties and parameters of their phototransformations strongly depend on the substituents present in the molecule; therefore, a directed change in their nature enables the search for new photochromes with desired properties and various stimulus-responsive structural elements [4,5,17,[21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of Photochromic Indolyl Substituted Fulgides and Fulgimides

“…1 However, the development of organic photochromic compounds was challenging because fast photodegradation (also known as fatigue) limited their potential applications. 14 In the 1980s, the synthesis of fatigue resistant organic photochromic compounds, such as spirooxazine and chromene derivatives, started a new era in the study of organic photochromism. The plastic photochromic ophthalmic lenses became commercially successful in world market, and many new organic photochromic compounds were synthesized and investigated for various applications.…”