Remittances and the Brain Drain Revisited: The Microdata Show That More Educated Migrants Remit More

Bollard, Albert; McKenzie, David; Morten, Melanie; Rapoport, Hillel

doi:10.1093/wber/lhr013

Cited by 142 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The evidence is still unclear on the relative propensity of high-skilled and low-skilled migrants to remit. In 14 household surveys on immigrants in 11 destination countries, the relationship between education and the likelihood of remitting is mixed, but the relationship between education and the amount remitted is strong and positive [9].…”

Section: Remittancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The brain drain from developing countries

Docquier

2014

IZAWOL

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte.

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Section: Remittancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the absence of surveys that match sending and receiving households, it remains difficult to quantify the effect of high-skilled migrant remittances on investment, poverty, or inequality in the home country. The economic consequences of remittances likely vary across home countries [9].…”

Section: Remittancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

The brain drain from developing countries

Docquier

2014

IZAWOL

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“…Skilled migration has a number of important benefits: it generates remittances (Bollard et al, 2009), establishes social networks (Meyer, 2001) and diffuses knowledge (Le, 2008). Perhaps the most important positive effect, however, is incentivising education.…”

Section: The Empirical Debatementioning

confidence: 99%

Poverty and Immigration Policy

Oberman

2015

Am Polit Sci Rev

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What are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy? This article finds substantial evidence that migration is effective at reducing poverty. There is every indication that the adoption of a fairly open immigration policy by rich countries, coupled with selective use of immigration restrictions in cases of deleterious brain drain, could be of significant assistance to people living in poor countries. Empirically there is nothing wrong with using immigration policy to address poverty. The reason we have to reject such an approach is not empirical but normative. People have human rights to stay in their home country and to migrate elsewhere. Counter poverty measures that require people to move or to stay are likely to violate these rights. Everyone should be free to migrate but no one should be forced to migrate. Using immigration policy to address global poverty, in place of alternatives, fails on both these counts.What are the ethical implications of global poverty for immigration policy?In a world in which 1.2 billion people live at the margins of survival, on less than $1.25 (PPP) a day, poverty is arguably humanity's most pressing problem (United Nations, 2014, 9). Perhaps, as some economists and political theorists have suggested, rich states could use immigration policy as a tool to address this problem.The principal proposal is that rich states lower their immigration restrictions to open up their labour markets to workers from poor countries. These workers would then be * I owe thanks to Steven Forde, the APSR editors and the three anonymous reviewers for their excellent comments and suggestions. Philip Cook, Sarah Fine, Daniel Halliday and Lea Ypi provided invaluable feedback. I owe particular thanks to Daniel Butt for generously reading through multiple drafts and providing his characteristically acute observations on each. Finally, I am grateful to Edinburgh University's Department of Politics and International Relations for the support I received to conduct this research.

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“…According to a study by Bollard et al (2011), it is the levels of education among the emigrants that determines the quantity of remittances send back to the home country. Their study found out that highly educated emigrants are likely to remit more as they are more likely to be earning higher as compared to less educated emigrants, thereby supporting the education-led remittances hypothesis.…”

Section: Review Of Related Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

The education investment dimension of international personal remittances in Colombia

Tsaurai¹

2015

JGR

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The study investigated the relationship between personal international remittances received and gross enrolment ratio in Colombia. There are three hypotheses explaining the relationship between personal international remittances and education (human capital development). These are (1) remittances-led education hypothesis, (2) education-led remittances hypothesis and (3) neutrality hypothesis that says there is no relationship at all between these two variables. Although majority of the empirical studies support the remittances-led education hypothesis, the subject is still attracting contradicting findings and not yet conclusive. It is on the backdrop of such lack of consensus in the literature that the author investigated the relationship between personal remittances received and gross enrolment ratio primary and secondary (%) in Colombia. The study used the auto-regressive distributive lag (ARDL) bounds co-integration testing technique with annual time series data ranging between 1978 and 2010 to determine the existence of a long run relationship between personal remittances and education in Colombia. The ARDL F-bounds co-integration test revealed that personal remittances received and gross enrolment ratio for both primary and secondary schools in Colombia are not co-integrated or they do not have any long run relationship, thus supporting the neutrality hypothesis. This conclusion was arrived at using either personal remittances or gross enrolment ratio as a dependent variable. These results imply that personal remittances received in Colombia were directed more towards consumption and not invested in education. The study therefore urges the Colombian authorities to concientise the recipients of the personal remittances to invest in the children's education rather than spending the remittances on consumption purposes.

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Remittances and the Brain Drain Revisited: The Microdata Show That More Educated Migrants Remit More

Cited by 142 publications

References 7 publications

The brain drain from developing countries

The brain drain from developing countries

Poverty and Immigration Policy

The education investment dimension of international personal remittances in Colombia

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