“…Despite this toxic sociocultural context, Black brilliance for mathematics has endured, a testament to the resilience and persistence of Black children (see Berry et al, 2014;Joseph et al, 2017 for reviews). Resilience is a common cultural strength among Black learners (James et al, 2022), and is thus part of their cultural milieu. For example, some Black students have remained motivated to learn and perform well in mathematics despite awareness of the discrimination and barriers they faced as Black students (Berry, 2008;Berry et al, 2014).…”