Remoção seletiva de lesões de cárie em molares decíduos utilizando laser de Er:YAG: avaliação clínica das restaurações e dos níveis de cortisol salivar

Abstract

Minimally invasive dentistry suggests that during the preparation of cavity preparations, lesser amount of healthy dental substrate associated with the use of adhesive materials is removed, with the purpose of offering less anxiety and greater patient comfort during dental treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the salivary cortisol levels of the child during the selective removal of cáries lesions using Er:YAG laser and later longitudinal analysis of the restorations performed. Children between 7 and 10 years of age were selected to present two lesions of active cáries in dentin located on the occlusal and proximal surfaces (class II) of decíduous molars. The teeth of each child were distributed in two groups randomly: 1) Er:YAG laser (250mJ / 4 Hz) and 2) Conventional method (low rotation). The dosage of the hormone cortisol was performed by means of immunoenzymatic analysis of the saliva in 2 moments: 7 days before the procedures and during the removal of the cáries lesions. Indirect pulp protection was performed using calcium hydroxide cement and glass ionomer cement in the deep wells and only glass ionomer cement in the medium wells. The wells were prepared and then restored using the Adper Single Bond 2 / Filtek Supreme (3M) restorative system. For clínical analysis of the restorations, three calibrated and experienced professionals used the modified US Public Health Service criteria and photographic examination. For the analysis of the réplica of the restoration the teeth were cast and cast with epoxy resin. The marginal adaptation was analyzed by SEM. Clínical and réplicate analyzes were performed in the 7 day, 6 and 12 month periods after the restoration. Data were analyzed by ANOVA and Tukey's test (α = 5%). Cortisol levels were higher during the selective removal of cáries, regardless of the method used (p> 0.05). After 12 months, there was no evidence of difference in retention, marginal adaptation, discoloration, axial contour and secondary cáries of restorations performed in wells prepared by both methods. SEM analysis revealed that the laser irradiated teeth presented 10% of the total length of the restoration. For teeth prepared by the conventional method, 20% of the slits were found in the cavosuperficial margin. The use of the Er:YAG laser did not increase the levels of salivary cortisol when compared to the conventional method and did not influence the clínical performance of class II restorations, being an alternative method for the removal of cáries lesions in children.