Remodeling of a commercial plug-in battery electric vehicle to a hybrid configuration with a PEM fuel cell

Roda, Vicente; Carroquino, Javier; Valiño, Luis; Lozano, Antonio; Barreras, Félix

doi:10.1016/j.ijhydene.2017.12.171

Cited by 36 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…where D is the diesel fuel avoided; H is the volume of hydrogen supplied; η f is the efficiency of the electricity production in the fuel cell; η e is the efficiency of the electric vehicle powertrain; and η d is the efficiency of the diesel vehicle powertrain. The efficiency values obtained during the operation of the prototypes [25] were η f = 0.48, η e = 0.90 and η d =0.15. It is probable that the reduced value of the latter is a consequence of the work cycle of the vehicle, with frequent starts, stops, and standby periods.…”

Section: Operation Of the Fchevmentioning

confidence: 92%

“…An electric all-terrain vehicle was modified to be an FCHEV (Figure 9), incorporating a fuel cell and the corresponding hydrogen tanks. The whole process is explained in depth in a previous article [25]. This vehicle is refuelled from the prototype's tank to its own tanks, consisting of four aluminium cylinders, with a volume of 10 L and a weight of 12.75 kg each.…”

Section: The Fchevmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rest of the diesel fuel can be considered to have been replaced by electricity from the grid. More explanations on the performance of the hydrogen subsystem and the FCHEV are published in previous articles [24,25].…”

Section: Operation Of the Fchevmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standalone Renewable Energy and Hydrogen in an Agricultural Context: A Demonstrative Case

2019

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Standalone renewable energy is widely used to power irrigation systems. However, in agricultural facilities, electricity from the grid and diesel are also consumed. The design and sizing of renewable generation involves difficulties derived from the different seasonal profiles of production and demand. If the generation is 100% renewable, a considerable energy surplus is usually included. This paper is focused on a renewable energy system, which has been installed in a vineyard, located in the northeast of Spain. With energy from the photovoltaic fields, the wastewater treatment plant of the winery, a drip irrigation system and other ancillary consumptions are fed. The favourable effect of combining consumptions with different seasonal profiles is shown. The existence of some deferrable loads and the energy management strategy result in an aggregate consumption curve that is well suited to production. Besides, the required energy storage is relatively small. The surplus energy is used for the on-site production of hydrogen by the electrolysis of water. The hydrogen refuels a hybrid fuel cell electric vehicle, used for the mobility of workers in the vineyard. In summary, electricity and hydrogen are produced on-site (to meet the energy needs) from 100% renewable sources and without operating emissions.

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Section: Operation Of the Fchevmentioning

confidence: 92%

Section: The Fchevmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Standalone Renewable Energy and Hydrogen in an Agricultural Context: A Demonstrative Case

2019

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“…The PV electric power is used to supply the winery's wastewater treatment plant and the irrigation system. Specifically, this energy demand includes the power consumed by the water treatment plant (aerators), a set of elevation pumps used for irrigation, and a system of hydrogen production used to fuel a hybrid electrical vehicle [20]. Moreover, the aerators are power loads that can be advanced or postponed from its scheduled time.…”

Section: The Power Consumersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Energy Management in a Standalone Microgrid, with Photovoltaic Generation, Short-Term Storage, and Hydrogen Production

et al. 2020

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This paper addresses the energy management of a standalone renewable energy system. The system is configured as a microgrid, including photovoltaic generation, a lead-acid battery as a short term energy storage system, hydrogen production, and several loads. In this microgrid, an energy management strategy has been incorporated that pursues several objectives. On the one hand, it aims to minimize the amount of energy cycled in the battery, in order to reduce the associated losses and battery size. On the other hand, it seeks to take advantage of the long-term surplus energy, producing hydrogen and extracting it from the system, to be used in a fuel cell hybrid electric vehicle. A crucial factor in this approach is to accommodate the energy consumption to the energy demand and to achieve this, a model predictive control (MPC) scheme is proposed. In this context, proper models for solar estimation, hydrogen production, and battery energy storage will be presented. Moreover, the controller is capable of advancing or delaying the deferrable loads from its prescheduled time. As a result, a stable and efficient supply with a relatively small battery is obtained. Finally, the proposed control scheme has been validated on a real case scenario.

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“…Different studies were conducted on hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) and they addressed different design parameters. Roda et al modified an electric vehicle by adding to it a fuel cell. Their model was tested for more than 1000 hours of the fuel cell and proved its reliability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Power sources sizing for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

2020

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Fuel cell hybrid vehicles (FCHV) are attractive alternatives to fossil fuel based ones in terms of lowering levels of polluting emissions. This paper presents a methodology for modeling, sizing, and power management of FCHV. The aim of the study is to achieve the lowest cost of driving over different driving cycles taking into consideration the vehicle specifications and minimum drivability constraints. The tunnel dynamic programming (TDP) is used to find the optimal power split between the battery and the fuel cell to meet the power demand for driving. On the other hand, since cost is a major barrier hindering the commercialization of FCHV, Pareto front is used to determine the best combination of sizes to achieve the lowest operational cost. The analysis covers different driving cycles including a combination of the highway and urban driving cycles mimicking a realistic one. The focus on lithium titanate battery and the combination of TDP‐Pareto front are the significant contributions of this paper. Comparative results against a commercial hybrid vehicle showed that the proposed model found a more efficient design in terms of hydrogen consumption and more capable in meeting aggressive drivability constraints as the electric motor size selected is greater.

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Remodeling of a commercial plug-in battery electric vehicle to a hybrid configuration with a PEM fuel cell

Cited by 36 publications

References 33 publications

Standalone Renewable Energy and Hydrogen in an Agricultural Context: A Demonstrative Case

Standalone Renewable Energy and Hydrogen in an Agricultural Context: A Demonstrative Case

Optimal Energy Management in a Standalone Microgrid, with Photovoltaic Generation, Short-Term Storage, and Hydrogen Production

Power sources sizing for a fuel cell hybrid vehicle

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