Spatially
resolving the relative distribution of analyte molecules
in biological matter holds great promise in the life sciences. Mass
spectrometry imaging (MSI) is a technique that can provide such spatial
resolution but remains underused in fields such as chemical ecology,
as traditional MSI sample preparation is often chemically or morphologically
invasive. Laser ablation electrospray ionization (LAESI)-MSI is a
variation of MSI particularly well-suited for situations where chemical
sample preparation is too invasive but provides new challenges related
to the repeatability of measurement outcomes. We assess the repeatability
of LAESI-MSI by sampling a droplet of [ring-
13
C
6
]
l
-phenylalanine with known concentration and expressing
the resulting variability as a coefficient of variation,
c
v
. In doing so, we entirely eliminate variability caused
by surface morphology or underlying true sample gradients. We determine
the limit of detection (LOD) for
13
C
6
-Phe by
sampling from droplets with successively decreasing but known concentration.
We assess the influence of source geometry on the LOD and repeatability
by performing these experiments using four distinct variations of
sources: one commercial and three custom-built ones. Finally, we extend
our study to leaf and stem samples
Arabidopsis thaliana
and
Gossypium hirsutum
. We overcome
the challenges of LAESI associated with three-dimensional surface
morphology by relying on work previously published. Our measurements
on both controlled standard and realistic samples give strong evidence
that LAESI-MSI’s repeatability in current implementations is
insufficient for MSI in chemical ecology.