Remote and non-invasive quantification of ‘Tattoo Skin Disease-Like’ dermatopathy in endangered Arabian Sea humpback whales using drone photography

Drones provide a privileged birds’-eye view for collecting high-resolution imagery for morphometric and behavioral sampling of animals. Biologically meaningful measurements extracted from overhead images require an accurate estimate of altitude, but current commercial drones include inaccurate barometer estimates. Recent proposals for coupling altimeter systems to drones have provided customized, open-source solutions; yet assembling such altimeter systems requires advanced technical skills, thereby potentially limiting their use. Here, we built upon recent advances to provide a 3D printed enclosure for an altimeter system that is inexpensive, self-contained, easy to set-up, and transferable across commercial drones. We depart from a published, successful data logger system composed of a GPS and LiDAR sensor, and design a more compact and self-powered version (“LidarBoX”) that easily attaches to a variety of commercial drones. We compare flight times with/without LidarBoX attached, test flight maneuverability and performance, and validate reliability of measurement accuracy. To make LidarBoX accessible, we provide an open-source repository with design code and files and a how-to assemble guide for non-specialists. We hope this work helps popularize LiDAR altimeter systems on commercial drones to improve the accuracy and reliability of drones as a sampling platform for ecology and wildlife research.

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Remote and non-invasive quantification of ‘Tattoo Skin Disease-Like’ dermatopathy in endangered Arabian Sea humpback whales using drone photography

Cited by 3 publications

References 50 publications

Individual identification and photographic techniques in mammalian ecological and behavioural research—Part 2: Field studies and applications

Individual identification and photographic techniques in mammalian ecological and behavioural research—Part 2: Field studies and applications

Behavioral responses of Bigg's and Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) to uncrewed aerial vehicle‐based breath sample collection

LidarBoX: a 3D-printed, open-source altimeter system to improve photogrammetric accuracy for off-the-shelf drones

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