Remote Biological Monitoring in an Open Finished‐Water Reservoir

White, Brian; Kiefer, Dale A.; Morrow, John H.; Stolarik, Gary F.

doi:10.1002/j.1551-8833.1991.tb07220.x

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Optical systems have been used effectively in open-ocean experiments (Dickey et al 1991;Marra et al 1992;Abbott et al 1995) and in a reservoir (White et al 1991). However, this work is only partially relevant to the detection and assessment of harmful algal blooms.…”

Section: Practical Evaluation Of An Emerging Technology: Spectral Radmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Figs. 2, 6; see also White et al 1991), it is clear that spectrometers should also be extremely useful in the detection of HABs. High precision is unnecessary for the detection of water discolored by phytoplankton, so inexpensive versions of currently available oceanographic instruments might be useful for early warning systems.…”

Section: Description Of the Instrument-amentioning

confidence: 99%

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Optical detection and assessment of algal blooms

Cullen

Ciotti

Davis

et al. 1997

Limnology & Oceanography

135

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Concerns about harmful algal blooms (HABs) have grown in recent years. There is a pressing need for robust, quantitative, and cost-effective methods to detect and characterize algal blooms. Critical applications of these methods include long-term monitoring of coastal waters to indicate the degree to which present trends of HABs and human activities are linked, early warning systems to protect aquaculture sites and to signal the need for further investigations, and systems to characterize synoptically the distributions and physiological state of phytoplankton in an oceanographic context. Because phytoplankton strongly influence the fate of light in the ocean, optical methods are well suited for HAB applications. Passive optical systems can measure ocean color or the penetration of solar irradiance in surface waters; both properties can be related to the constituents of natural waters, including phytoplankton. The sensors measure radiometric quantities: consequently, rigorous calibration is possible and measurements can be compared between sites and over long periods of time. One passive optical system-a radiometer buoy-is shown to be useful for characterizing biological variability in surface waters over scales from minutes to months. A red tide was easily observed in measures of ocean color from the buoy; sensors for downwelling irradiance detected a subsurface bloom. Some optical instruments use artificial illumination to determine optical properties such as the coefficients of absorption and scattering. These measures can be made continuously in situ and effectively related to phytoplankton. Several types of fluorometers can be used to characterize the abundance, pigmentation, and physiological state of phytoplankton. All of these optical technologies should be useful for the study of HABs, but biological interpretations of many optical measurements need further testing.Environmental and economic impacts of harmful algal blooms (HABs) have increased in recent decades (Smayda 1990; Hallegraeff 1993), concurrent with escalating direct influences of human activities on estuarine and coastal ecosystems. During these same years, some marine ecosystems have undergone fundamental changes that are apparently associated with natural variability of climate (Roemmich and McGowan 1995;Sugimoto et al. 1995). The possible influence of anthropogenic changes in greenhouse gases is also a concern (Fraga and Bakun 1993;Tester et al. 1993). In order to ensure sustainable development of critical coastal resources, it is imperative to know the degree to which present trends of HABs and human activities are linked (e.g. Kahru et al. 1994), if those trends will lead to unacceptable consequences, and if the means can be developed to mitigate harmful effects. Essential to this effort will be reliable, quantitative, and practical means to detect and characterize I Also with Satlantic, Inc., Halifax, Nova Scotia. AcknowledgmentsThe comments of anonymous reviewers are appreciated.

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Section: Practical Evaluation Of An Emerging Technology: Spectral Radmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of the Instrument-amentioning

confidence: 99%