In the clinic, inactivation of osteosarcoma using microwave
ablation
would damage the periosteum, resulting in frequent postoperative complications.
Therefore, the development of an artificial periosteum is crucial
for postoperative healing. In this study, we prepared an artificial
periosteum using silk fibroin (SF) loaded with stromal cell-derived
factor-1α (SDF-1α) and calcitonin gene-related peptide
(CGRP) to accelerate bone remodeling after the microwave ablation
of osteosarcoma. The prepared artificial periosteum showed a sustained
release of SDF-1α and CGRP after 14 days of immersion. In vitro
culture of rat periosteal stem cells (rPDSCs) demonstrated that the
artificial periosteum is favorable for cell recruitment, the activity
of alkaline phosphatase, and bone-related gene expression. Furthermore,
the artificial periosteum improved the tube formation and angiogenesis-related
gene expression of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVECs).
In an animal study, the periosteum in the femur of a rabbit was inactivated
through microwave ablation and then removed. The damaged periosteum
was replaced with the as-prepared artificial periosteum and favored
bone regeneration. In all, the designed dual-factor-loaded artificial
periosteum is a promising strategy to replace the damaged periosteum
in the therapy of osteosarcoma for a better bone-rebuilding process.