Remote detection of single emitters via optical waveguides

Then, Patrick; Razinskas, Gary; Feichtner, Thorsten; Haas, P.M.; Wild, Andreas; Bellini, Nicola; Osellame, Roberto; Cerullo, Giulio; Hecht, Bert

doi:10.1103/physreva.89.053801

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Equation ( 6) is reminiscent of mode matching formalisms used to determine coupling efficiencies between waveguide modes [19,20]. Here, however, the threedimensional volume of the FOA has to be considered.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Here we combine Poynting's theorem [17] with reciprocity [18] to quantify QE-FOA coupling by means of a 3D overlap integral of the QE's electric field and the antenna's mode current pattern (cf. mode matching [19,20]). Introducing a further mode-matching condition for FOA to far-field coupling allows us to identify two independent FOA mode current patterns, which both maximize antenna radiation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Mode Matching for Optical Antennas

2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The emission rate of a point dipole can be strongly increased in presence of a well-designed optical antenna. Yet, optical antenna design is largely based on radio-frequency rules, ignoring e.g. ohmic losses and non-negligible field penetration in metals at optical frequencies. Here we combine reciprocity and Poynting's theorem to derive a set of optical-frequency antenna design rules for benchmarking and optimizing the performance of optical antennas driven by single quantum emitters. Based on these findings a novel plasmonic cavity antenna design is presented exhibiting a considerably improved performance compared to a reference two-wire antenna. Our work will be useful for the design of high-performance optical antennas and nanoresonators for diverse applications ranging from quantum optics to antenna-enhanced single-emitter spectroscopy and sensing.PACS numbers: 84.40. Ba, 73.20.Mf, 78.67.Bf INTRODUCTIONFocusing optical antennas (FOAs) make use of plasmonic resonances to convert propagating electromagnetic waves at visible frequencies to near-fields localized in nanoscale volumes much smaller than the diffraction limit [1,2]. In such a hot spot the local density of states (LDOS) for point-like quantum emitters (QEs) may be increased by a factor of 10 3 and possibly beyond [2][3][4], which can be applied in novel light-based technologies, e.g. quantum optics [5] and communication [6], sensing [7] as well as scanning near-field microscopy [8]. The design of FOAs, which typically consist of single or multiple particles of basic shapes [3,6,[9][10][11], is largely inspired by rules derived from the radio frequency (rf) regime. The resulting antenna structures, however, can hardly be optimal for QE-FOA coupling, since there is no comparable task in rf-technology. In addition the radiation behavior of optical antennas differs from their rf-counterparts due to ohmic losses and fields penetrating the antenna material [12]. Yet, it has been shown that the Purcell factor [13,14] Here we combine Poynting's theorem [17] with reciprocity [18] to quantify QE-FOA coupling by means of a 3D overlap integral of the QE's electric field and the antenna's mode current pattern (cf. mode matching [19,20]). Introducing a further mode-matching condition for FOA to far-field coupling allows us to identify two independent FOA mode current patterns, which both maximize antenna radiation. This enables us to understand the high performance of FOAs obtained from evolutionary optimization [21] as well as of other unusual FOA geometries, like the indented nano-cone [22] or the double hole resonator [23]. Finally, based on our new design rules, an improved plasmonic cavity antenna geometry is devised and numerically investigated. The flexibility of the presented framework opens diverse applications ranging from improved emitter-cavity coupling in quantum optics to enhanced single-emitter sensing schemes. It also provides new insights for the understanding and optimization of complex-shaped metal nano-objects as they appear in surface-enhanc...

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mode Matching for Optical Antennas

2017

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…It has recently been shown in the context of single molecule detections that the power emitted from a molecule into a single mode fiber can be elegantly calculated using the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetic theory [25]. Here, we show how a reciprocity approach can be used to calculate the emission enhancement for emitters coupled to arbitrary resonant or nonresonant open optical systems.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Reciprocity approach for calculating the Purcell effect for emission into an open optical system

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Based on the reciprocity theorem, we present a formalism to calculate the power emitted by a dipole source into a particular propagating mode leaving an open optical system. The open system is completely arbitrary and the approach can be used in analytical calculations but may also be combined with numerical electromagnetic solvers to describe the emission of light sources into complex systems. We exemplify the use of the formalism in numerical simulations by analyzing the emission of a dipole that is placed inside a cavity with connected single mode exit waveguide. Additionally, we show at the example of a practical ring resonator system how the approach can be applied to systems that offer multiple electromagnetic energy decay channels. As a consequence of its inherent simplicity and broad applicability, the approach may serve as a powerful and practical tool for engineering light-matter-interaction in a variety of active optical systems.

show abstract

“…It has recently been shown in the context of single molecule detections that the power emitted from a molecule into a single mode fiber can be elegantly calculated using the reciprocity theorem of electromagnetic theory [58]. In the work [59] authors propose a reciprocity approach to calculate the emission enhancement for emitters coupled to arbitrary resonant or non-resonant open optical systems.…”

Section: Purcell Effect In Pt-symmetric Waveguidesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Purcell effect in PT-symmetric waveguides

Karabchevsky¹,

Novitsky²,

Morozko³

2021

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This chapter overviews the principles of the spontaneous emission rate increase, that is the Purcell effect, in relation to the photonic parity-time (PT) symmetry. Being focused on the system of coupled PT-symmetric optical waveguides, we consider behaviors of the Purcell factor in PT-symmetric and broken-PT-symmetric regimes. Surprisingly, exceptional points in a coupled waveguide do not influence on the Purcell factor.

show abstract

Remote detection of single emitters via optical waveguides

Cited by 11 publications

References 23 publications

Mode Matching for Optical Antennas

Mode Matching for Optical Antennas

Reciprocity approach for calculating the Purcell effect for emission into an open optical system

Purcell effect in PT-symmetric waveguides

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About