Remote dysfunctions in spinal cord injury: Closer than ever

Leon-Ariza, Daniel S.; León-Ariza, Juan S.; Bayona, Edgardo A.; Bayona-Prieto, Jaime; León-Sarmiento, Fidias E.

doi:10.1016/j.clineuro.2015.03.020

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Prevalence of this type of reflex in the operating room is unknown. Stimulation of lengthy neural connections located beyond TN territory would explain systemic hemodynamic changes reported during procedures performed at places far from the brainstem such as lower limbs and lumbosacral spinal cord manipulations [4,10,11]. Germane to this aspect, mean arterial blood pressure and vagal activity measured by spectral analysis of heart rate variability is modulated in response to thoracolumbar stimulation in cats [12], and to lumbar [13] and sacral stimulation in rats [14].…”

Section: Extraterritorial Tcrmentioning

confidence: 99%

Territorial and Extraterritorial Trigeminocardiac Reflex: A Review for the Neurosurgeon and a Type IV Reflex Vignette

Leon-Ariza¹,

León-Ariza²,

Gualdron³

et al. 2020

Cureus

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The trigeminocardiac reflex (TCR) is a complex and, sometimes, fatal event triggered by overstimulation of the trigeminal nerve (TN) and its territorial and spinal cord branches. We reviewed and compiled for the neurosurgeon key aspects of the TCR that include a novel and straightforward classification, as well as morphophysiology, pathophysiology, neuromonitoring and neuromodulation features. Further, we present intraoperative data from a patient who developed extraterritorial, or type IV, TCR while undergoing a cervical surgery. TCR complexity, severity and unwanted outcomes indicate that this event should not be underestimated or overlooked in the surgical room. Timely TCR recognition in surgical settings is valuable for applying effective intraoperative management to prevent catastrophic outcomes.

show abstract