Remote effects of inflammation on non-specific immunity

Fauve, Robert M.; Fontan, Élisabeth; Hevin, M. Brigitte; Saklani, Hélène; Parker, Fabienne

doi:10.1016/0165-2478(87)90148-9

Cited by 8 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Counterinflammation was extensively studied by Fauve et al in the1980s, who showed in mice that it has an effect equivalent or superior to that of glucocorticoids. 29,30 The Neuroimmune Evidence An important insight into the physiology of endogenous counterinflammatory mechanisms came from the past 2 decades of research on the pathogenesis of acute inflammation, hypercytokinemia, and fatality associated with severe sepsis and septic shock. Observation and experimentation have shown that the brain and the innate immune system form a bidirectional network via both the neural and humoral pathways, in which the immune system operates as a sensory organ to inform the brain about inflammation and tissue injury, and the brain in return orchestrates a limited and localized inflammatory response.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroimmune Basis of Anti-inflammatory Acupuncture

2007

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This review article presents the evidence that the antiinflammatory actions of acupuncture are mediated via the reflexive central inhibition of the innate immune system. Both laboratory and clinical evidence have recently shown the existence of a negative feedback loop between the autonomic nervous system and the innate immunity. There is also experimental evidence that the electrical stimulation of the vagus nerve inhibits macrophage activation and the production of TNF, IL-1β β, IL-6, IL-18, and other proinflammatory cytokines. It is therefore conceivable that along with hypnosis, meditation, prayer, guided imagery, biofeedback, and the placebo effect, the systemic anti-inflammatory actions of traditional and electro-acupuncture are directly or indirectly mediated by the efferent vagus nerve activation and inflammatory macrophage deactivation. In view of this common physiological mediation, assessing the clinical efficacy of a specific acupuncture regimen using conventional double-blind placebo-controlled trials inherently lacks objectivity due to (1) the uncertainty of ancient rules for needle placement, (2) the diffuse noxious inhibitory control triggered by control-needling at irrelevant points, (3) the possibility of a dose-response relationship between stimulation and effects, and (4) the possibility of inadequate blinding using an inert sham procedure. A more objective assessment of its efficacy could perhaps consist of measuring its effects on the surrogate markers of autonomic tone and inflammation. The use of acupuncture as an adjunct therapy to conventional medical treatment for a number of chronic inflammatory and autoimmune diseases seems plausible and should be validated by confirming its cholinergicity. Keywords

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Neuroimmune Basis of Anti-inflammatory Acupuncture

2007

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“…These facts concur with the reported immunomodulatory activity of the IAS components: Cyclophosphamide, low dose, 3 days before antigen stimulation, decreases the CD4+CD25+ (T-reg) cell population (Berd et al 1982; Ghiringhelli et al 2004). The magnesium silicate granuloma has been demonstrated as a remote enhancer of systemic macrophage activity committed to the protective responses (Fauve and Hevin 1977; Fontan et al 1983, 1992; Fauve et al 1987). GM-CSF, subcutaneously, administered around the antigenic stimulation, recruits and activates the antigen presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells, allowing a stronger immune response (Disis et al 1996; Dranoff 2002).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This loco-regional immunomodulation is decisional because it elicits a systemic protective lymph nodes conditioning. Among other agents (erythrocytes or other local inflammatory agents) to create an ITS, magnesium silicate that produces a subcutaneous granuloma (MSG) was reported as a strong inducer of remote macrophage activation with enhancement of protective antitumor immune responses, when it is performed during the 4 days previous to the antigen (Fauve and Hevin 1977; Fontan et al 1983, 1992; Fauve et al 1987). It was also reported that granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF), injected subcutaneously, simultaneously or around the time of antigen stimulation, is a recruiter and activator of antigen presenting cells, mainly dendritic cells (Disis et al 1996; Dranoff 2002).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Randomized phase II clinical trial of chemo-immunotherapy in advanced nonsmall cell lung cancer

Lasalvia-Prisco¹,

García-Giralt²,

Vazquez³

et al. 2008

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The purpose of this study was to compare chemotherapy-naive patients with stage IV nonsmall cell lung cancer patients treated with chemotherapy or chemoimmunotherapy. We tested doxetacel plus cisplatinum as chemotherapy protocol. An immunomodulatory adjuvant system was added as chemoimmunotherapy to the previously mentioned protocol. This system contains three well-known and complementary conditioners of protective immune-responses: cyclophosphamide low-dose, granulocyte macrophage-colony stimulant factor and magnesium silicate granuloma. Eighty-eight patients were randomly assigned to receive every 3-weeks one of the treatments under comparison. Patients received four cycles of treatment unless disease progression or unacceptable toxicity was documented. The maximum follow-up was one year. In each arm, tumor response (rate,duration), median survival time, 1-year overall survival, safety, and immunity modifications were assessed. Immunity was evaluated by submitting peripheral blood mononuclear cells to laboratory tests for nonspecific immunity: a) phytohemaglutinin-induced lymphocyte proliferation, b) prevalence of T-Regulatory (CD4+CD25+) cells and for specific immunity: a) lymphocyte proliferation induced by tumor-associated antigens (TAA) contained in a previously described autologous thermostable hemoderivative. The difference (chemotherapy vs. chemoimmunotherapy) in response rate induced by the two treatments (39.0% and 35.0%) was not statistically significant. However, the response duration (22 and 31 weeks), the median survival time (32 and 44 weeks) and 1-year survival (33.3% and 39.1%) were statistically higher with chemoimmunotherapy. No difference in toxicity between both arms was demonstrated. A switch in the laboratory immunity profile, nonspecific and specific, was associated with the chemoimmunotherapy treatment: increase of proliferative lymphocyte response, decrease of tolerogenic T-regulatory cells and eliciting TAA-sensitization.

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