Remote measurement of volcanic gases by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Oppenheimer, Clive; Francis, P. W.; Burton, Mike; Maciejewski, Adam; Boardman, L.

doi:10.1007/s003400050536

Cited by 137 publications

(79 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…However, the CO 2 /SO 2 ratio obtained by the stationary MultiGaS instruments corresponds to an excerpt of the whole volcanic plume. In order to estimate how representative this ratio is compared to the bulk plume composition, cross-crater open-path (OP) Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) measurements (Oppenheimer et al 1998;Sawyer et al 2011;Duffell et al 2003) were also made in parallel to stationary and mobile Multi-GaS measurements. The plumes of Turrialba and Telica volcanoes are easily accessible and are situated in regions with relatively stable wind direction and are therefore excellent test sites to apply and validate the combination of OP-FTIR, Multi-GaS and scan-DOaS techniques.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Conde

Robidoux

Avard³

et al. 2014

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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crateric SO 2 emissions, and electrochemical/nDIR multicomponent gas analyser system (multi-GaS) instruments for measuring CO 2 /SO 2 ratios of excerpts of the volcanic plume. This study aims to quantify the representativeness of excerpts of CO 2 /SO 2 ratios measured by Multi-GaS as a fraction of the whole plume composition, by comparison with simultaneously measured CO 2 /SO 2 ratios using crosscrater Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Two study cases are presented: Telica volcano (nicaragua), with a homogenous plume, quiescent degassing from a deep source and ambient temperature, and Turrialba volcano (Costa Rica), which has a non-homogeneous plume from three main sources with different compositions and temperatures. Our comparison shows that in our "easier case" (Telica), FTIR and Multi-GaS CO 2 /SO 2 ratios agree within a factor about 3 %. In our "complicated case" (Turrialba), Multi-GaS and FTIR yield CO 2 /SO 2 ratios differing by approximately 13-25 % at most. These results suggest that a fair estimation of volcanic CO 2 emissions can be provided by the combination of DOaS and Multi-GaS instruments for volcanoes with similar degassing conditions as Telica or Turrialba. Based on the results of this comparison, we report that by the time our measurements were made, Telica and Turrialba were emitting approximately 100 and 1,000 t day −1 of CO 2 , respectively.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Conde

Robidoux

Avard³

et al. 2014

Int J Earth Sci (Geol Rundsch)

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“…Stoiber et al [1986], between f850 and 1986, at least five episodes of strong gas emission from Masaya degassed approximately 10 km 3 of basaltic magma. In contrast, Operation of the spectrometer has been described in detail elsewhere [Oppenheimer et al, 1998]. The field configuration is shown in Figures 1 and 2: the spectrometer, fitted with an lnSb detector, was set up in Plaza Oviedo (NE Car Park), and an artificial infrared energy source placed on the opposite side of the crater, a path length of 518 m. Prevailing wind direction was to the west or south-west.…”

Section: Paper Number 1999gl008383mentioning

confidence: 99%

Stable gas plume composition measured by OP‐FTIR spectroscopy at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua, 1998–1999

Horrocks

Burton

Francis

et al. 1999

Geophysical Research Letters

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“…So far seven species, SO 2 , HCl, SiF 4 , CO, COS, HF and CO 2 , in volcanic gases were measured by this technique (Mori et al, Copy right c The Society of Geomagnetism and Earth, Planetary and Space Sciences (SGEPSS); The Seismological Society of Japan; The Volcanological Society of Japan; The Geodetic Society of Japan; The Japanese Society for Planetary Sciences. , 1995Mori and Notsu, 1997;Francis et al, 1996Francis et al, , 1998Love et al, 1998;Oppenheimer et al, 1998). The techniques for field measurements are well documented in Oppenheimer et al (1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…, 1995Mori and Notsu, 1997;Francis et al, 1996Francis et al, , 1998Love et al, 1998;Oppenheimer et al, 1998). The techniques for field measurements are well documented in Oppenheimer et al (1998). Since the amount of SiF 4 in volcanic gases is considered to be very low based on thermodynamic calculations (Rosenberg, 1973;Symonds et al, 1992Symonds et al, , 1994, high sensitivity of the remote FT-IR measurements to the chemical specie is one of the great advantages .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

et al. 2014

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Remote FT-IR measurements of volcanic plume of Mt. Iwodake, Satsuma-Iwojima volcano, Japan, were carried out in October 1996 to understand plume chemistry of the volcano, especially characteristics of fluorine-bearing species in the plume. The SO 2 /HCl molar ratio in the plume was about 4, that is larger than the ratio in hightemperature gases. The high content of SO 2 is suggested to be caused by sulfur combustion in the crater. An average SiF 4 /HF molar ratio of 0.57 was observed for the plume, which is about one order of magnitude higher than the previously reported ratio. The result shows that SiF 4 is an important species and has similar to even larger contribution for fluorine output from Satsuma-Iwojima volcano than HF. The SiF 4 flux of Satsuma-Iwojima volcano is about 13 t/d, that is the largest SiF 4 flux from volcanoes in the world. The observed SiF 4 /HF ratio cannot be explained only by the high-temperature fumarolic composition of the volcano according to the thermodynamic calculations. The ratio can be explained if contribution of F-rich low-temperature fumaroles to the total gas flux of the volcano is as high as 40%.

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Remote measurement of volcanic gases by Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy

Cited by 137 publications

References 2 publications

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Measurements of volcanic SO2 and CO2 fluxes by combined DOAS, Multi-GAS and FTIR observations: a case study from Turrialba and Telica volcanoes

Stable gas plume composition measured by OP‐FTIR spectroscopy at Masaya Volcano, Nicaragua, 1998–1999

High SiF4/HF ratio detected in Satsuma-Iwojima volcano’s plume by remote FT-IR observation

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