“…Through Service Function Chaining, network traffic can be directed to flow through one or more NFs, thus, forming more complex end-toend network services out of NF chains. Network Applications harness these chains, either as standalone, or as building blocks of integrated software, to unlock more complex network services for vertical systems (Apostolakis et al, 2021;Arampatzis et al, 2021;Gallego-Madrid et al, 2022;Grigoriou et al, 2022;Martinez-Alpiste et al, 2022;Moscatelli et al, 2022;Porcu et al, 2022;Slamnik-Kriještorac et al, 2022). But beyond chaining VNFs, Network Applications are meant to enable verticals to exploit 5G network capabilities exposed through common Application Programming Interfaces (APIs), which in turn, simplifies largescale deployment of their services.…”