Remote monitoring of evapotranspiration from green roof systems

Lytle, Jeremy; Santillo, Devon; Valter, Kristiina; Wright, Jeremy

doi:10.1109/uemcon51285.2020.9298164

Cited by 3 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…These researchers proposed that the rates of ET for the blue-green system are only short of potential expected ET based on soil moisture levels reaching a deficit point, based on a root constant. This approach was supported by measurements made by (Jahanfar et al, 2018 ), who achieved a 37% increase in modelling accuracy in water limited conditions by eliminating the water availability coefficient from the advection term of the equation, and treating ET by advection with a different crop coefficient than ET by radiation (Lytle, Santillo, Mai, & Wright, 2020).…”

Section: Equation 1: Hargraves Empirical Model For Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Ebrahimian proposes the Hargreaves empirical model for potential evaporation (Hargreaves & Samani, 1985) as a suitable model for continuous simulation due to the relatively low input data requirement and reasonable accuracy. Equation 1 describes this model, where Where RA is the extraterrestrial radiation in units of mm/day, TR is the daily temperature range in ºC, and T is the mean daily temperature in ºC (Lytle, Santillo, Mai, & Wright, 2020) 𝐸𝐸𝑇𝑇 0 = 0.00023 • 𝑅𝑅𝑅𝑅 • 𝑇𝑇𝑅𝑅 0.5 • (𝑇𝑇 + 17.8)…”

Section: Evapotranspiration In Green Roofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although the Hargreaves modelling is a frequently used model, the physically based FAO-56 Penman-Monteith model is more commonly used in ET modelling for green roofs as shown in more recent research (Caya et al, 2019) (Jahanfar et al, 2018 ) . This equation is described below, where ET0 is the reference evapotranspiration, Rn is the net radiation at the crop surface, G is the soil heat flux density, T is the mean daily air temperature 2m height, u2 is the wind speed at 2m height, es is the saturation vapour pressure and ea is the actual vapour pressure (Lytle et al, 2020).…”

Section: Equation 1: Hargraves Empirical Model For Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…student from the building science program. The engineering and development of the system is described more in depth in previously published work, (Lytle, Santillo, Mai, & Wright, 2020). The data from the load cells is obtained by a Pi Zero microcomputer, combined with an 8-channel multiplexer to provide communication for all cells on the same i2c bus.…”

Section: Description Of Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Google cloud platform is utilized to compile the data from the modules in one secure location, allowing for remote access of information: partly due to the location of the lab as well as the Sars-CoV-2 pandemic promoting as little on site presence as possible. All data is organized into an SQL database enabling adaptable analysis (Lytle, Santillo, Mai, & Wright, 2020). were calibrated in the same manner.…”

Section: Description Of Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evapotranspiration Rates of Representative Green Roof Systems and the Implications for Green Roof Policies

Wright

2024

Preprint

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Urban intensification, population growth and climate change are creating multiple issues within cities on a global scale. As more buildings are constructed to support increasing urban populations, cities are having a more difficult time managing sporadic weather events; especially managing stormwater from intense rainfall. Toronto currently has in place a mandatory green roof bylaw, that is designed to utilize shallow green roofs (GRs) on all new buildings as a measure to intercept rainfall and transpire the water back into the atmosphere. Four green roof modules with varying system buildups were constructed and instrumented on top of a downtown building to analyze how the amounts of retained rainfall and evapotranspiration varied amongst the systems. It was determined that the total evapotranspiration (ET) volume of blue/green roofs and vegetable producing green roofs were considerably higher than a traditional extensive green roof; 236% higher in the blue/green roof and 356% higher in the vegetable roof. It was also determined that unvegetated blue roof systems are also a viable method of managing stormwater on rooftops, with the blue roof module showcasing a total evaporation volume of 134 mm over the duration of the study. The results from this research exhibit that higher hydrological benefit can be derived from green roofs using blue-green technology or vegetable producing assemblies.

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Section: Equation 1: Hargraves Empirical Model For Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Evapotranspiration In Green Roofsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Equation 1: Hargraves Empirical Model For Evaporationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Description Of Data Acquisitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Evapotranspiration Rates of Representative Green Roof Systems and the Implications for Green Roof Policies

Wright

2024

Preprint

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Addressing the Water–Energy–Food Nexus through Enhanced Green Roof Performance

et al. 2021

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Urban densification and climate change are creating a multitude of issues for cities around the globe. Contributing factors include increased impervious surfaces that result in poor stormwater management, rising urban temperatures, poor air quality, and a lack of available green space. In the context of volatile weather, there are growing concerns regarding the effects of increased intense rainfalls and how they affect highly populated areas. Green roofs are becoming a stormwater management tool, occupying a growing area of urban roof space in many developed cities. In addition to the water-centric approach to the implementation of green roofs, these systems offer a multitude of benefits across the urban water–energy–food nexus. This paper provides insight to green roof systems available that can be utilized as tools to mitigate the effects of climate change in urbanized areas. A new array of green roof testing modules is presented along with research methods employed to address current issues related to food, energy and water performance optimization. Rainwater runoff after three rain events was observed to be reduced commensurate with the presence of a blue roof retention membrane in the testbed, the growing media depth and type, as well as the productive nature of the plants in the testbed. Preliminary observations indicate that more productive green roof systems may have increasingly positive benefits across the water–energy–food nexus in dense urban areas that are vulnerable to climate disruption.

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Application of Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies in Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI): A Bibliometric Review

Chen,

Wang,

et al. 2023

Sustainability

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This bibliometric review elucidates the emerging intersection of Internet of Things (IoT) technologies and Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI), demonstrating the potential to reshape urban stormwater management. The study analyzes a steadily increasing corpus of literature since 2013, pointing out considerable international collaboration. Prominent contributions originate from the United States, Canada, Italy, China, and Australia, underscoring the global acknowledgement of the potential of IoT-enhanced GSI. Diverse GSI applications such as green roofs, smart rain barrels, bioretention systems, and stormwater detention ponds have demonstrated enhanced efficiency and real-time control with IoT integration. However, existing literature reveals several challenges, notably the requirement of advanced monitoring, the development of predictive optimization strategies, and extensive scalability. Comprehensive cost–benefit analyses are also critical for the widespread acceptance of IoT-integrated GSI. Current research addresses these challenges by exploring innovative strategies such as microbial-fuel-cell-powered soil moisture sensors and large-scale RTC bioretention systems. Emphasis is also on the need for security measures against potential digital threats. Future research needs to focus on real-time data-based monitoring plans, model validation, continuous optimization, and supportive policy frameworks. As the world confronts urban development, climate change, and aging infrastructure, IoT and GSI synergism presents a promising solution for effective stormwater management and enhancement of cultural ecosystem services. Continued exploration in this promising domain is crucial to pave the way for smarter, greener urban environments.

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Remote monitoring of evapotranspiration from green roof systems

Cited by 3 publications

References 22 publications

Evapotranspiration Rates of Representative Green Roof Systems and the Implications for Green Roof Policies

Evapotranspiration Rates of Representative Green Roof Systems and the Implications for Green Roof Policies

Addressing the Water–Energy–Food Nexus through Enhanced Green Roof Performance

Application of Internet of Things (IoT) Technologies in Green Stormwater Infrastructure (GSI): A Bibliometric Review

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