Remote Peering

Castro, Ignacio; Cardona, Juan Camilo; Gorinsky, Sergey; François, Pierre

doi:10.1145/2674005.2675013

Cited by 57 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…Presence in these facilities enable direct peering with thousands of networks simultaneously. While IXPs are typically meant to keep local traffic local, in recent years remote peering [20] has emerged as an approach to reach main content, transit and access networks. We use a recent PeeringDB snapshot (October 2022) and investigate differences in inter-and intra-continental distance between all peering facilities to identify a suitable threshold for intercontinental LHL.…”

Section: Distances For Long-haul Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hop away from everywhere: A view of the intercontinental long-haul infrastructure

Carisimo¹,

Weaver²,

Barford³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Over the past two decades, a desire to reduce transit cost, improve control over routing and performance, and enhance the quality of experience for users, has yielded a more densely connected, flat network with fewer hops between sources and destinations. The shortening of paths in terms of the number of hops or links has also meant, for what is at the end an infrastructure-bound network, the lengthening of many of these links. In this paper, we focus on an important aspect of the evolving logical connectivity of the Internet that has received little attention to date: intercontinental long-haul links. We develop a methodology and associated processing system for identifying long haul links in traceroute measurements. We apply this system to a large corpus of traceroute data and report on multiple aspects of long haul connectivity including country-level prevalence, routers as international gateways, preferred long-haul destinations, and the evolution of these characteristics over a 7 year period. We identify over 9K layer 3 links that satisfy our definition for intercontinental long haul with many of them terminating in a relatively small number of nodes. An analysis of connected components shows a clearly dominant one with a relative size that remains stable despite a significant growth of the long-haul infrastructure.

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Section: Distances For Long-haul Linksmentioning

confidence: 99%

A hop away from everywhere: A view of the intercontinental long-haul infrastructure

Carisimo¹,

Weaver²,

Barford³

et al. 2023

Preprint

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“…75% of the IXP interfaces are within 2ms from the respective VP. More than 20% of the interfaces have RTT min > 10ms, a 2-fold increase since 2014 [35,36].…”

Section: Application Of Step-wise Inferencementioning

confidence: 99%

O Peer, Where Art Thou? Uncovering Remote Peering Interconnections at IXPs

Giotsas

Nomikos

Kotronis

et al. 2021

IEEE/ACM Trans. Networking

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Internet eXchange Points (IXPs) are Internet hubs that mainly provide the switching infrastructure to interconnect networks and exchange traffic. While the initial goal of IXPs was to bring together networks residing in the same city or country, and thus keep local traffic local, this model is gradually shifting. Many networks connect to IXPs without having physical presence at their switching infrastructure. This practice, called Remote Peering, is changing the Internet topology and economy, and has become the subject of a contentious debate within the network operators' community. However, despite the increasing attention it attracts, the understanding of the characteristics and impact of remote peering is limited. In this work, we introduce and validate a heuristic methodology for discovering remote peers at IXPs. We (i) identify critical remote peering inference challenges, (ii) infer remote peers with high accuracy (>95%) and coverage (93%) per IXP, and (iii) characterize different aspects of the remote peering ecosystem by applying our methodology to 30 large IXPs. We observe that remote peering is a significantly common practice in all the studied IXPs; for the largest IXPs, remote peers account for 40% of their member base. We also show that today, IXP growth is mainly driven by remote peering, which contributes two times more than local peering.

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“…However, many small networks like regional eyeball network and enterprises may not have easy access to an IXP nor can afford personnel and hardware cost to be present and operate in a colocation center or an IXP. Such limitations will lead to networks being left behind as they can not benefit from the increasing interconnection between Hypergiants, which in turn can potentially contribute to a digital divide [6,11]. Our motivation for this work is that even though Hypergiants have direct interconnections or co-hosting arrangements with many ISPs they do not have these with all ASes.…”

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confidence: 99%

Enabling Multi-hop ISP-Hypergiant Collaboration

Munteanu

Gasser

Poese³

et al. 2023

Proceedings of the Applied Networking Research Workshop

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Today, there is an increasing number of peering agreements between Hypergiants and networks that benefit millions of end-user. However, the majority of Autonomous Systems do not currently enjoy the benefit of interconnecting directly with Hypergiants to optimally select the path for delivering Hypergiant traffic to their users.In this paper, we develop and evaluate an architecture that can help this long tail of networks. With our proposed architecture, a network establishes an out-of-band communication channel with Hypergiants that can be two or more AS hops away and, optionally, with the transit provider. This channel enables the exchange of network information to better assign requests of end-users to appropriate Hypergiant servers. Our analysis using operational data shows that our architecture can optimize, on average, 15% of Hypergiants' traffic and 11% of the overall traffic of networks that do not interconnect with Hypergiants. The gains are even higher during peak hours when available capacity can be scarce, up to 46% for some Hypergiants.

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Remote Peering

Cited by 57 publications

References 55 publications

A hop away from everywhere: A view of the intercontinental long-haul infrastructure

A hop away from everywhere: A view of the intercontinental long-haul infrastructure

O Peer, Where Art Thou? Uncovering Remote Peering Interconnections at IXPs

Enabling Multi-hop ISP-Hypergiant Collaboration

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