Remote Photoacoustic Sensing Using Single Speckle Analysis by an Ultra-Fast Four Quadrant Photo-Detector

Abstract

The need for tissue contact makes photoacoustic imaging not applicable for special medical applications like wound imaging, endoscopy, or laser surgery. An easy, stable, and contact-free sensing technique might thus help to broaden the applications of the medical imaging modality. In this work, it is demonstrated for the first time that remote photoacoustic sensing by speckle analysis can be performed in the MHz sampling range by tracking a single speckle using a four quadrant photo-detector. A single speckle, which is created by self-interference of surface back-reflection, is temporally analyzed using this photo-detector. Phantoms and skin samples are measured in transmission and reflection mode. The potential for miniaturization for endoscopic application is demonstrated by fiber bundle measurements. In addition, sensing parameters are discussed. Photoacoustic sensing in the MHz sampling range by single speckle analysis with the four quadrant detector is successfully demonstrated. Furthermore, the endoscopic applicability is proven, and the sensing parameters are convenient for photoacoustic sensing. It can be concluded that a single speckle contains all the relevant information for remote photoacoustic signal detection. Single speckle sensing is therefore an easy, robust, contact-free photoacoustic detection technique and holds the potential for economical, ultra-fast photoacoustic sensing. The new detection technique might thus help to broaden the field of photoacoustic imaging applications in the future.

Biomedical Photoacoustic Imaging and Sensing Using Affordable Resources

“…In applications like wound screening and laser surgery guidance, conventional PA imaging systems that usually require US probes in contact with the tissue are not an ideal option. In a work by Lengenfelder et al, it is demonstrated for the first time that remote PA sensing by speckle analysis can be performed in the MHz sampling range by tracking a single speckle using a four-quadrant photo-detector [7]. By demonstrating PA sensing and endoscopic capabilities, this work demonstrated that single speckle sensing is, therefore, an easy, robust, contact-free photoacoustic detection technique and holds the potential for economical, and ultra-fast PA sensing.…”

Full-optical photoacoustic imaging using speckle analysis and resolution enhancement by orthogonal pump patterns projection

“…The problem is that hardware-wise, high temporal sampling rates are opposed to high spatial resolution. Previously, in Ref 40 . it was shown that it is possible to construct detectors with high temporal resolutions of several MHz.…”