Remote Point-of-Gaze Estimation with Free Head Movements Requiring a Single-Point Calibration

Guestrin, Elias D.; Eizenman, Moshe

doi:10.1109/iembs.2007.4353353

Cited by 31 publications

(22 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The implemented eye tracking system is based on infrared 3-D video-oculographic techniques [14][15][16][17][18], providing the tridimensional position and orientation of the monitored eye through the analysis of specific ocular features extracted from the video images captured by two optical cameras. The eye is illuminated by means of two infrared point light sources noncoaxial with respect to the optical axis of the cameras, generating a dark-pupil effect with an enhanced image contrast between the pupil and the brighter surrounding structures.…”

Section: A System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical eye tracking system for noninvasive and automatic monitoring of eye position and movements in radiotherapy treatments of ocular tumors

et al. 2012

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A noninvasive eye tracking system based on infrared 3-D video-oculographic techniques is proposed for the automatic monitoring of eye position and orientation in external beam radiotherapy of ocular tumors. The presented method can be applied for the real-time estimation of lesion position and tumor-beam misalignments, allowing automatic patient setup and eye movement gated treatments. A prototypal eye tracker was developed and tested on five subjects, achieving gaze estimation errors of 0.5° and eye monitoring frequencies of 125 Hz. The proposed application can potentially improve quality and efficacy of ocular radiotherapy treatments, currently based on invasive, qualitative, and manual control procedures.

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Section: A System Descriptionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optical eye tracking system for noninvasive and automatic monitoring of eye position and movements in radiotherapy treatments of ocular tumors

et al. 2012

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“…State-of-the-art Remote Eye Gaze Tracking (REGT) systems that use a stereo pair of video cameras can estimate the center of curvature of the cornea, c, and the optical axis of the eye, ω, without any user calibration [Guestrin and Eizemnan 2007;Shih and Liu 2004]. However, since human gaze is not directed along the optical axis, but rather along the visual axis, a subjectdependant angle between the optical and visual axes (angle kappa) should be estimated.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A probabilistic approach for the estimation of angle kappa in infants

Model

Eizenman

2012

Proceedings of the Symposium on Eye Tracking Research and Applications

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This paper presents a probabilistic approach for the estimation of the angle between the optical and visual axes (angle kappa) in infants. The approach assumes that when patterned calibration targets are presented on a uniform background, subjects are more likely to look at the calibration targets than at the uniform background, but it does not require accurate and continuous fixation on presented targets. Simulations results show that when subjects attend to roughly half of the presented targets, angle kappa can be estimated accurately with low probability (< 1%) of false detection. In experiments with five babies who attended to the calibration target for only 47% of the time (range from 26% to 70%), the average difference between repeated measurements of angle kappa was 0.04 ± 0.31°.

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“…Shih and Liu [3] and Guestrin and Eizenman [8] presented methods for reconstructing the optical axis of the eye using stereo cameras. These methods do not require any information about the characteristics of an individual's eye, such as the radius and the refractive index of the surface of the cornea.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

User-Calibration-Free Gaze Estimation Method Using a Binocular 3D Eye Model

Nagamatsu

Sugano

Iwamoto

et al. 2011

IEICE Trans. Inf. & Syst.

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SUMMARYThis paper presents a user-calibration-free method for estimating the point of gaze (POG). This method provides a fast and stable solution for realizing user-calibration-free gaze estimation more accurately than the conventional method that uses the optical axis of the eye as an approximation of the visual axis of the eye. The optical axis of the eye can be estimated by using two cameras and two light sources. This estimation is carried out by using a spherical model of the cornea. The point of intersection of the optical axis of the eye with the object that the user gazes at is termed POA. On the basis of an assumption that the visual axes of both eyes intersect on the object, the POG is approximately estimated using the binocular 3D eye model as the midpoint of the line joining the POAs of both eyes. Based on this method, we have developed a prototype system that comprises a 19 display with two pairs of stereo cameras. We evaluated the system experimentally with 20 subjects who were at a distance of 600 mm from the display. The root-mean-square error (RMSE) of measurement of POG in the display screen coordinate system is 1.58 • .

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Remote Point-of-Gaze Estimation with Free Head Movements Requiring a Single-Point Calibration

Cited by 31 publications

References 7 publications

Optical eye tracking system for noninvasive and automatic monitoring of eye position and movements in radiotherapy treatments of ocular tumors

Optical eye tracking system for noninvasive and automatic monitoring of eye position and movements in radiotherapy treatments of ocular tumors

A probabilistic approach for the estimation of angle kappa in infants

User-Calibration-Free Gaze Estimation Method Using a Binocular 3D Eye Model

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