Remote reservoir resistivity mapping—an overview

Srnka, L. J.; Carazzone, James J.; Eriksen, Erik A.; Ephron, Mark S.

doi:10.1190/1.2144383

Cited by 14 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…ExxonMobil were independently planning their own field trials during the Statoil survey, and surveyed three prospects offshore West Africa in early 2002 (Srnka et al, 2005). These surveys were carried out in a very similar manner to the Statoil study, using the British research vessel RRS Charles Darwin and the Southampton DASI transmitter.…”

Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An introduction to marine controlled-source electromagnetic methods for hydrocarbon exploration

2007

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Early development of marine electromagnetic methods, dating back about 80 years, was driven largely by defense/military applications, and use for these purposes continues to this day. Deepwater, frequency-domain, electric dipole-dipole, controlled-source electromagnetic (CSEM) methods arose from academic studies of the oceanic lithosphere in the 1980s, and although the hydrocarbon exploration industry was aware of this work, the shallow-water environments being explored at that time were not ideally suited for its use. Low oil prices and increasingly successful results from 3D seismic methods further discouraged investment in costly alternative geophysical data streams. These circumstances changed in the late 1990s, when both Statoil and ExxonMobil began modeling studies and fieldtrials of CSEM surveying in deep water (around [Formula: see text] or deeper), specifically for characterizing the resistivity of previously identified drilling targets. Trials offshore Angola in 2000–2002 by both these companies showed that CSEM data can successfully be used to evaluate reservoir resistivity for targets as deep as several thousand meters. Both companies leveraged instrumentation and expertise from the academic community to make swift progress. The resulting rapid growth in the use of marine EM methods for exploration has created a demand for trained personnel that is difficult to meet; nevertheless, at this time, CSEM data represent a commercial commodity within the exploration business, and acquisition services are offered by three companies. The ability to determine the resistivity of deep drilling targets from the seafloor may well make marine CSEM the most important geophysical technique to emerge since 3D reflection seismology.

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Section: Examplesmentioning

confidence: 99%

An introduction to marine controlled-source electromagnetic methods for hydrocarbon exploration

2007

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“…[37] and has since been successfully applied to study the oceanic lithosphere and active spreading centers (see, for example [130,36,28,45,34,77]). During recent years marine CSEM surveys have been used extensively for offshore petroleum exploration (see, for example [43,44,108,24,57,105,59,115,33,35,38,59]).…”

Section: Explorationmentioning

confidence: 99%

An approximate hybrid method for modeling of electromagnetic scattering from an underground target

Bakr¹

2011

GEOPHYSICS

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The main focus of this thesis is to develop and analyze a fast and accurate hybrid method, simplified integral equation (SIE) modeling, for modeling of electromagnetic scattering from an underground target. The method consists of solving a finite volume problem in a localized region containing the target, and using the integral equation (IE) method to obtain the field outside that region. The hybrid method thus replaces the dense-matrix part of the rigorous IE method by sparsematrix calculations based on an approximation of Maxwell's Equations. The thesis is divided into two parts. Part I, is devoted to overview and background theory and is structured as follows: Chapter 1 provides a general introduction and presents a general framework of forward and inverse modeling. An introductory discussion of model parameters, such as porosity, saturation and electrical conductivity, is presented in Chapter 2. Emphasis has been placed on the relationship between conductivity and saturation through Archie's law. Exploration and monitoring of a petroleum reservoir are important applications of the marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM). These applications are presented in Chapter 3. Chapter 4 provides a review of different electromagnetic modeling approaches. In addition, detailed derivation of integral formulation of Maxwell's Equations is presented. Different solutions and approaches in the frequency domain are discussed in Chapter 5. Emphasis has been placed on IE and SIE methods. All the praises and thanks be to ALLAH for giving me the life, strength, and spirit, to complete my research in a manner that advances both my purpose in the life and the science of mathematics. Also, my beloved Prophet, Mohamed (peace be upon him), ALLAH protect you and your family. There are many people whom I would like to thank. First of all, I would like to thank my principle supervisor Trond Mannseth for his guidance, helpful discussions and continuous encouragement during the development of this work. I am also grateful for the help and support from my advisors Martha Lien and the late Magne Espedal. I would like to thank VISTA for the funding of this project. I would also like to thank friends and colleagues at CIPR for a good research environment and company for lunch. Special thanks to Mona Wolff (human resources manager) for her smile and ability to handle any social problem. I am very grateful to my beloved parents who taught me the value of education, specially for my dear father who passed away last year before seeing my success. Also, special thanks are due my wife and my three children, Radwa, Sohila and Mohamed, whose endless support and understanding have been profound throughout the difficult times of this PhD study. Without your love and support I am sure that I would not have been able to achieve so much.

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“…And since resistivity can be a sensitive measure of hydrocarbon saturation, time-lapse (or "4D") methods may be attractive for reservoir monitoring, possibly combining downhole techniques with the seafloor measurements (6,11). The key determinant will be whether the value of such information is worth the money spent relative to what other data can provide.…”

Section: A Look Aheadmentioning

confidence: 99%