Remote Sensing of Glaciers of the Subantarctic Islands

Cogley, J. Graham; Berthier, Étienne; Donoghue, Shavawn

doi:10.1007/978-3-540-79818-7_32

Cited by 4 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…Consistent with an almost 1 °C rise in the average annual air temperature of Heard Island from 1948–1954 to 1997–200111, total glacier coverage has decreased from 288 km 2 in 1947 (79% coverage) to 257 km 2 in 1988 (70%) and 231 km 2 in 2008 (63%)1213 (Fig. 1a).…”

mentioning

confidence: 54%

“…The terminus of Brown Glacier retreated at an average rate of 30 m per year between 1947 and 2004 to reach a total of 1.2 km from the coast, resulting in a loss of 29% of its original area, which is a remarkable change given its 25 m high terminal ice cliffs were calving into the ocean in 1947 3 . Between January 2004 and January 2006, Brown Glacier retreated <0.1 km and Winston Glacier retreated by ~0.2 km 13 15 . Based on data from 1947 and 2008, ~55 km 2 or 15% of the island’s terrain has been exposed by the retreating ice, revealing or expanding several large proglacial lagoons and making newly deglaciated land available for colonization.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Microbial communities of aquatic environments on Heard Island characterized by pyrotag sequencing and environmental data

Allen

Cavicchioli

2017

Sci Rep

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Heard Island in the Southern Ocean is a biological hotspot that is suffering the effects of climate change. Significant glacier retreat has generated proglacial lagoons, some of which are open to the ocean. We used pyrotag sequencing of SSU rRNA genes and environmental data to characterize microorganisms from two pools adjacent to animal breeding areas, two glacial lagoons and Atlas Cove (marine site). The more abundant taxa included Actinobacteria, Bacteroidetes and Proteobacteria, ciliates and picoflagellates (e.g. Micromonas), and relatively few Archaea. Seal Pool, which is rich in organic matter, was characterized by a heterotrophic degradative community, while the less eutrophic Atlas Pool had more eucaryotic primary producers. Brown Lagoon, with the lowest nutrient levels, had Eucarya and Bacteria predicted to be oligotrophs, possess small cell sizes, and have the ability to metabolize organic matter. The marine influence on Winston Lagoon was evident by its salinity and the abundance of marine-like Gammaproteobacteria, while also lacking typical marine eucaryotes indicating the system was still functioning as a distinct niche. This is the first microbiology study of Heard Island and revealed that communities are distinct at each location and heavily influenced by local environmental factors.

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confidence: 54%

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confidence: 99%

Microbial communities of aquatic environments on Heard Island characterized by pyrotag sequencing and environmental data

Allen

Cavicchioli

2017

Sci Rep

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“…The mass-balance records of these small glaciers are used to represent mass changes of 2752 glaciers in the Antarctic and sub-Antarctic region, with individual areas up to 6000 km 2 large (RGI Consortium, 2017). Moreover, the glaciers in this region experience distinctly different climate conditions (Cogley and others, 2014) and the sample of glaciers with mass balance is not representative for all subregions. The lack of data increases uncertainties in regional estimates of glacier mass changes and their projections, which are crucial for determining the impacts of melting glaciers on sea level rise and terrestrial water resources.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface mass balance of small glaciers on James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, during 2009–2015

et al. 2018

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ABSTRACT. Two small glaciers on James Ross Island, the north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, experienced surface mass gain between 2009 and 2015 as revealed by field measurements. A positive cumulative surface mass balance of 0.57 ± 0.67 and 0.11 ± 0.37 m w.e. was observed during the 2009-2015 period on Whisky Glacier and Davies Dome, respectively. The results indicate a change from surface mass loss that prevailed in the region during the first decade of the 21st century to predominantly positive surface mass balance after 2009/10. The spatial pattern of annual surface mass-balance distribution implies snow redistribution by wind on both glaciers. The mean equilibrium line altitudes for Whisky Glacier (311 ± 16 m a.s.l.) and Davies Dome (393 ± 18 m a.s.l.) are in accordance with the regional data indicating 200-300 m higher equilibrium line on James Ross and Vega Islands compared with the South Shetland Islands. The mean accumulation-area ratio of 0.68 ± 0.09 and 0.44 ± 0.09 determined for Whisky Glacier and Davies Dome, respectively, is similar to the value reported for Vega Island and within the range of typical values for high-latitude glaciers.

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“…This implies higher sensitivity of small ice caps to regional climate settings and local meteorological conditions (e.g., Nesje and others, 2008; Zekollari and others, 2017). The recession of the ice caps in the northern part of JRI is less prominent compared with Subantarctic ( sensu Cogley and others, 2014) ice caps and their outlets that experience up to an order of magnitude higher retreat and surface-lowering rates (Table 5).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 97%

Surface elevation changes on Lachman Crags ice caps (north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula) since 1979 indicated by DEMs and ICESat data

2019

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The long-term warming on the Antarctic Peninsula in the second half of the 20th century prompted rapid retreat of glaciers on the peninsula and surrounding islands. Retreat accelerated until the beginning of the new millennium when the regional warming trend significantly decreased. The response of glaciers to the change in temperature trend has been observed around the northern part of the Antarctic Peninsula but the timing of the shift from the surface lowering to mass gain remains unclear. Using historical aerial photographs, DEMs and satellite altimeter data from ICESat, we estimate areal and surface elevation changes of two small ice caps in the northern part of James Ross Island over the last 39 years. The glacierized area on Lachman Crags decreased from 4.337 ± 0.037 to 3.581 ± 0.014 km2 (−17.4%) between 1979 and 2006 and then increased to 3.597 ± 0.047 km2 (0.4%) until 2016. Surface lowering observed on ice caps after 1979 continued at least until 2008 as indicated by the ICESat data. The change from the lowering trend to increase in glacier surface elevation probably occurred after the ablation season 2008/09, which ranks among the warmest summers in the north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula since the mid-20th century.

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Remote Sensing of Glaciers of the Subantarctic Islands

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Microbial communities of aquatic environments on Heard Island characterized by pyrotag sequencing and environmental data

Microbial communities of aquatic environments on Heard Island characterized by pyrotag sequencing and environmental data

Surface mass balance of small glaciers on James Ross Island, north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula, during 2009–2015

Surface elevation changes on Lachman Crags ice caps (north-eastern Antarctic Peninsula) since 1979 indicated by DEMs and ICESat data

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