Remote sensing of ice and snow

Hall, Dorothy K.; Martinec, J.

doi:10.1080/10106048609354032

Cited by 69 publications

(74 citation statements)

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“…The relationship of T• to physical temperature is described by the Rayleigh-Jeans approximation [Hall and Martinec, 1985]. Satellite T• is primarily a function of the physical temperature of the near-surface snow (T) multiplied by its emis- (Figure 3) during the AWS overlap period suggests these calibrated data are less sensitive to short-term, high-frequency fluctuations in temperature which is due to the reduced sensitivity of the T• data [Shuman et al, 1995b].…”

Section: Passive Microwave Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiyear accumulation and temperature history near the North Greenland Ice Core Project site, north central Greenland

Shuman¹,

Bromwich²,

Kipfstuhl³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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Abstract. This paper presents a comparison of two independent methods of estimating subseasonal accumulation across the interior of Greenland. These methods, highresolution snow pit studies and atmospheric modeling, have differing spatial and temporal resolution, but both can estimate net accumulation for subseasonal and shorter periods. The snow pit approach is based on a documented relationship between high-resolution snow pit profiles of oxygen stable isotope ratio (8•SO) and multiyear Special Sensor

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Section: Passive Microwave Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Multiyear accumulation and temperature history near the North Greenland Ice Core Project site, north central Greenland

Shuman¹,

Bromwich²,

Kipfstuhl³

et al. 2001

J. Geophys. Res.

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“…Example of a possible distortion of a depletion curve due to a temporary increase in the snow coverage by a summer snowfall and to missing Landsat data from the preceding overflight (Hall & Martinec, 1985).…”

Section: Figmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…19 Extrapolation of snow cover depletion curves in real-time from modified depletion curves with the use of temperature forecasts. H W MAX is the water equivalent of the snow cover at the beginning of the snowmelt season (Hall & Martinec, 1985). 20 Elimination of the effect of antecedent snowfall on the extrapolation of depletion curves of snow coverage (Hall & Martinec, 1985).…”

Section: Procedures For Weekly Forecasts Of Daily Flowsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combined representation of model performances for maximum inaccuracies using three criteria: R 2 , DG and D v (Martinec & Rango, 1986 . Extrapolation of snow cover depletion curves in real-time from modified depletion curves with the use of temperature forecasts (Hall & Martinec, 1985 Figure 20. Elimination of the effect of antecedent snowfall on the extrapolation of depletion curves of snow coverage (Hall & Martinec, 1985).…”

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confidence: 99%

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Implications of Shrinking Cryosphere Under Changing Climate on the Streamflows in the Lidder Catchment in the Upper Indus Basin, India

Romshoo

Dar

Rashid

et al. 2015

Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research

122

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AcknowledgmentIt has taken the efforts of many people and the support of their organization during the last several years to allow us to reach this new milestone in snowmelt runoff modeling. The following organizations and people were particularly helpful and supportive: It is now possible to divide a basin into as many as 16 elevation or other zones in order to refine the modeling, while Version 4 only allowed 8. These improvements facilitate new developments in SRM applications which are already taking place: runoff modeling by using different land use zones, separating satellite mapping of snow and glaciers, runoff modeling in very large basins with an extreme elevation range, and others. The specific features of WinSRM Version 1.11 are explained in detail in this document in Sections 8.5, 8.6, 9, and 10.WinSRM Version 1.11 has been developed without sacrificing the advantages of the SRM Version 4, in particular the speed of getting results. Both versions are available on the Internet by accessing http://www.ars.usda.gov/Services/docs.htm?docid=8872. Should this link not be "current" for the reader, one can "search" on "SRM home" or "WinSRM" to locate a "current site".So far, four SRM workshops (in 1992, 1994, 1996, and 1998) have been organized at the University of Bern, Switzerland, with about 130 participants from 20 countries taking part. A fifth SRM workshop was organized in 2005 at New Mexico State University. In addition, the authors are available to assist users in overcoming special problems which may be encountered. INTRODUCTIONThe Snowmelt-Runoff Model (SRM) is designed to simulate and forecast daily streamflow in mountain basins where snowmelt is a major runoff factor. Most recently, it has also been applied to evaluate the effect of a changed climate on seasonal snow cover and runoff. SRM was developed by Martinec (1975) in small European basins. Thanks to the progress of satellite remote sensing of snow cover, SRM has been applied to larger and larger basins. Recently, the runoff was modelled in the basin of the Ganges River, which has an area of 917,444 km 2 and an elevation range from 0 to 8,840 m a.s.l. Contrary to the original assumptions, there appear to be no limits for application with regard to the basin size and the elevation range. Also, a dominant role of snowmelt does not seem to be a necessary condition. It is, however, advisable to carefully evaluate the formula for the recession coefficient.Runoff computations by SRM appear to be relatively easily understood. To date the model has been applied by various agencies, institutes and universities in over 100 basins, situated in 29 different countries as listed in Table 1. More than 80% of these applications have been performed by independent users, as is evident from 80 references to pertinent publications. Some of the localities are shown in Figure 1. SRM also successfully underwent tests by the World Meteorological Organization with regard to runoff simulations (WMO, 1986) and to partially simulated conditions of real ti...

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“…The shape of these curves, varying from year to year, has even been used to estimate the accumulation of snow in terms of the water equivalent (Meier 1973;0degaard and 0strem 1977;Rango and others 1977;Moravec and Danielson 1980). (Hall and Martinec 1985).…”

Section: Snow-cover Mappingmentioning

confidence: 99%