Remote sensing of mesospheric dust layers using active modulation of PMWE by high‐power radio waves

Mahmoudian, Alireza; Mohebalhojeh, Ali R.; Farahani, Majid M.; Scales, W. A.; Kosch, M. J.

doi:10.1002/2016ja023388

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 44 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Several parameters in the simulations including dust charge density to the background electron density z d n d / n e ,

δ n_{e}^{2}

(corresponding to radar echoes) and n e are used in this study. The photo‐detachment current is included in the charging model described by Mahmoudian et al (). The time variation of charge on dust particles based on the continuous orbital‐motion limited approach (Bernstein & Rabinowitz, ) can be written as follows:

\frac{d_{Q}}{normald t} = I_{e} + I_{i} + I_{P},

where I e , I i , and I P are the electron and ion current on each dust particle and the photo‐detachment current, respectively.…”

Section: Numerical Model and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Calculations by Rapp (2009) indicate that the photo-detachment current is important for sufficiently small radii (1 nm) and metallic compounds (e.g., Fe 2 O 3 and SiO). The average photoelectron temperature T p is assumed to be ∼400T e (Mahmoudian et al, 2017). The previous studies have shown that the MSPs present in the mesosphere may be positively charged due to photoemission by solar ultraviolet radiation (Rosenberg & Shukla, 2002).…”

Section: 1029/2018ja025395mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dusty Space Plasma Diagnosis Using the Behavior of Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes During Electron Precipitation Events

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The behavior of polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSEs) during an electron precipitation event is investigated by including dusty plasma effects for the first time. The observational data recorded with the very high frequency (224 MHz) and ultrahigh frequency (930 MHz) radars at the European Incoherent SCATter Scientific Association on 10 and 11 July 2012 are presented. The observed radar echoes show that the PMSEs are both correlated and anticorrelated with the increased electron density associated with electron precipitation events on the two consecutive days. The experimental observations are compared with numerical simulations of the temporal evolution of PMSE with different background dusty plasma parameters during the electron precipitation event. Specifically, the effect of dust radius, dust density, recombination/photoionization rates, photo‐detachment current, and electron density enhancement ratio on the behavior of a PMSE layer and the associated dust charging process in the course of electron precipitation events is studied. It is observed that the ratio of electron density fluctuation amplitude δne to the plasma density (ne) plays a critical role in the appearance/disappearance of the layer. The simulation results revealed that the existence of PMSE is mainly determined by dust radius and dust density. The dusty plasma parameters associated with each event are estimated. The condensation nuclei of the ice particles such as proton hydrate clusters (H+(H2O)n) or meteoric smoke particles can be determined by employing the microphysical models along with the dusty plasma simulations. This can resolve any discrepancy in the description of the observed phenomena.

show abstract

“…Several parameters in the simulations including dust charge density to the background electron density z d n d / n e ,

δ n_{e}^{2}

\frac{d_{Q}}{normald t} = I_{e} + I_{i} + I_{P},

where I e , I i , and I P are the electron and ion current on each dust particle and the photo‐detachment current, respectively.…”

Section: Numerical Model and Simulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: 1029/2018ja025395mentioning

confidence: 99%

Dusty Space Plasma Diagnosis Using the Behavior of Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes During Electron Precipitation Events

et al. 2018

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Also, some research interests are diverted toward polar mesospheric winter echoes (PMWE) because artificial electron heating has the identical effect on polar mesospheric winter echoes (Belova et al 2008). For more details of heating effect on PMWE, see references (Havnes and Kassa 2009;Mahmoudian et al 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Statistical study of PMSE response to HF heating in two altitude regions

Ullah

Rauf

et al. 2019

Earth Planets Space

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Polar mesospheric summer echoes (PMSE) often show different layers. Artificial electron heating experiments are an important diagnostic tool to investigate the parameters in the PMSE regions. The response of PMSE to high frequency heating in the lower (80-85 km) and upper (85-90 km) PMSE layers is studied by analyzing PMSE observations carried out by the EISCAT VHF radar in July 2007. Different characteristics of modulated PMSE (e.g., PMSE intensity reduction, recovery, overshoot, ratios during the heating-on and heating-off times) are analyzed and compared at different situations such as only in one layer (lower or upper) and in both layers simultaneously without high-energy particle precipitation. Based on statistical results, it is found that in the lower layer all characteristics of modulated PMSE except PMSE recovery are greater than that in the upper layer. Electron temperature enhancement and PMSE modulation index due to ionospheric heating were calculated to show the enhanced electron temperature effect on PMSE. It is found that in both layers usually higher electron temperature enhancement corresponds to higher PMSE modulation index. However, the comparison of statistical results shows that in the lower layer electron temperature enhancement and PMSE modulation index are greater than that in the upper layer. Based on the relation of electron temperature enhancement to the PMSE modulation index, it is concluded that the variability of electron temperature enhancement may be responsible for the variations in different modulated PMSE characteristics between the lower and upper layers.

show abstract

“…They interact with the D-and E-region ionosphere, forming the dusty plasma the properties of which are currently subject to active research. MSPs originate from incoming meteor influx and the estimates of their input to the Earth's atmosphere ranges from several to hundreds of tonnes per day (Hughes, 1978;Love and Brownlee, 1993;Ceplecha et al, 1998;Cziczo et al, 2001;Wasson and Kyte, 1987;Mathews et al, 2001;Gabrielli et al, 2004;. Since the work of Rosinski and Snow (1961), the term MSP has referred to solid state particles that are recondensed from evaporated meteoric material (see, e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photocurrent modelling and experimental confirmation for meteoric smoke particle detectors on board atmospheric sounding rockets

et al. 2018

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Abstract. Characterising the photoelectron current induced by the Sun's UV radiation is crucial to ensure accurate daylight measurements from particle detectors. This article lays out the methodology used to address this problem in the case of the meteoric smoke particle detectors (MSPDs), developed by the Leibniz Institute of Atmospheric Physics in Kühlungsborn (IAP) and flown on board the PMWEs (Polar Mesosphere Winter Echoes) sounding rockets in April 2018. The methodology focuses on two complementary aspects: modelling and experimental measurements. A detailed model of the MSPD photocurrent was created based on the expected solar UV flux, the atmospheric UV absorption as a function of height by molecular oxygen and ozone, the photoelectric yield of the material coating the MSPD as a function of wavelength, the index of refraction of these materials as a function of wavelength and the angle of incidence of the illumination onto the MSPD. Due to its complex structure, composed of a central electrode shielded by two concentric grids, extensive ray-tracing calculations were conducted to obtain the incidence angles of the illumination on the central electrode, and this was done for various orientations of the MSPD in respect to the Sun. Results of the modelled photocurrent at different heights and for different materials, as well as for different orientations of the detector, are presented. As a pre-flight confirmation, the model was used to reproduce the experimental measurements conducted by Robertson et al. (2014) and agrees within an order of magnitude. An experimental setup for the calibration of the MSPD photocurrent is also presented. The photocurrent induced by the Lyman-alpha line from a deuterium lamp was recorded inside a vacuum chamber using a narrowband filter, while a UV-sensitive photodiode was used to monitor the UV flux. These measurements were compared with the model prediction, and also matched within an order of magnitude. Although precisely modelling the photocurrent is a challenging task, this article quantitatively improved the understanding of the photocurrent on the MSPD and discusses possible strategies to untangle the meteoric smoke particles (MSPs) current from the photocurrent recorded in-flight.

show abstract

Remote sensing of mesospheric dust layers using active modulation of PMWE by high‐power radio waves

Cited by 8 publications

References 44 publications

Dusty Space Plasma Diagnosis Using the Behavior of Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes During Electron Precipitation Events

Dusty Space Plasma Diagnosis Using the Behavior of Polar Mesospheric Summer Echoes During Electron Precipitation Events

Statistical study of PMSE response to HF heating in two altitude regions

Photocurrent modelling and experimental confirmation for meteoric smoke particle detectors on board atmospheric sounding rockets

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About