Remote vascular interventional surgery robotics: a literature review

Abstract

Vascular interventional doctors are exposed to radiation hazards during surgery and endure high work intensity. Remote vascular interventional surgery robotics is a hot research field, in which researchers aim to not only protect the health of interventional doctors, but to also improve surgical accuracy and efficiency. However, the current vascular interventional robots have numerous shortcomings, such as poor haptic feedback, few compatible surgeries and instruments, and cumbersome maintenance and operational procedures. Nevertheless, vascular interventional surgery combined with robotics provides more cuttingedge directions, such as Internet remote surgery combined with 5G network technology and the application of artificial intelligence in surgical procedures. To summarize the developmental status and key technical points of intravascular interventional surgical robotics research, we performed a systematic literature search to retrieve original articles related to remote vascular interventional surgery robotics published up to December 2020. This review, which includes 113 articles published in English, introduces the mechanical and structural characteristics of various aspects of vascular interventional surgical robotics, discusses the current key features of vascular interventional surgical robotics in force sensing, haptic feedback, and control methods, and summarizes current frontiers in autonomous surgery, long-distance robotic telesurgery, and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)-compatible structures. On the basis of summarizing the current research status of remote vascular interventional surgery robotics, we aim to propose a variety of prospects for future robotic systems.

Current State of Robotics in Interventional Radiology

“…Over the past two decades, several commercial and research platforms have been developed to assist interventionalists in peripheral vascular (PVI), neurovascular (NVI) and percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) [ 3 , 6 – 13 ]. A summary of the key characteristics of these robotic systems is listed in Table 1 and a summary of the clinical studies undertaken using these robots is found in Table 2 .…”

“…Orthopaedic surgeons have been implanting robotic-assisted endoprostheses since 2000 [ 2 ]. Much later, angiographic robots were invented initially for use in cardiology, and subsequently transitioned into the field of IR [ 3 – 5 ].…”

Evaluating the Effects of Pulsed Electrical Stimulation on the Mechanical Behavior and Microstructure of Medulla Oblongata Tissues

“…Nevertheless, invasive surgeries carry considerable risks, with possible harm to the medulla oblongata during the procedure posing a significant threat to the patient’s life . Gaining accurate mechanical property parameters can assist in improving the haptic feedback systems of surgical robots, thereby raising the success rate of remote surgeries. , Within the sphere of remote surgery, the removal of tumors necessitates the employment of intraoperative neuromonitoring (IONM). , Changes in mechanical properties due to the application of current to the medulla oblongata could potentially impact the accurate identification of the surgical site, by both the physician and instrumentation, during remote surgery. Moreover, electrical stimulation, recognized as a well-established therapeutic method, is widely used in the treatment of brain and spinal cord ailments, including deep brain stimulation (DBS) and spinal cord stimulation (SCS) .…”

Technical and Clinical Progress on Robot-Assisted Endovascular Interventions: A Review

“…At present, open-heart surgeries have been gradually phased out in favor of less invasive endovascular procedures that rebuild blood-flow pathways using endovascular tools [ 7 ]. This has become an effective treatment method for CAD, with patients benefiting from many of its advantages, including shortened recovery time and reduced perioperative risks [ 8 ].…”