Removal of 17β‐estradiol in a Biological Active Carbon Reactor with Acetic Acid and Humic Acid

Abstract

The objective of this study is to characterize the removal of 17β‐estradiol (E2) and the microbial community of a biologically active carbon (BAC) reactor under acetic acid or humic acid as the primary carbon source. Influent E2 concentration was maintained at 20 μg/L. Higher than 99% removal of E2 was achieved by the BAC reactor. The concentration of E2 increased from below detection limit (<5.8 ng/L) to 48 ± 8 ng/L after switching the primary carbon source from acetic acid to humic acid in the reactor influent. Meanwhile, effluent estrone concentration increased from 50 ± 15 to 55 ± 15 ng/L after the switch of primary carbon source in the reactor influent. 17β‐estradiol degrading bacteria were isolated. Microbial community structures under different nutrient conditions were revealed by high throughput sequencing. The presence of readily biodegradable carbon source such as acetic acid benefited E2 removal in the BAC reactor.

Novel Gluconobacter oxydans strains selected from Kombucha with potential postbiotic activity

“…DSL can also inhibit glucosidase activity and thus facilitate glucuronic acid removal of toxic substances, including carcinogens (PAHs, some nitrosamines, aromatic amines, and fungal toxins), some cancer promoters (steroid hormones), and hepatotoxins (acetaminophen), and inhibit the apoptotic death of pancreatic β-cell (Wang et al 2019 ; Antolak et al 2021 ). In addition, they may modulate estradiol and other steroid hormone levels and their excretion as glucuronides (Li et al 2017 ; La China et al 2018 ). It is also involved in the elimination of endobiotics and participates in the increased bioavailability of polyphenols.…”