Removal of 4-nitrophenol from water by emulsion liquid membrane

Abstract

In this work, the removal of 4-nitrophenol (4-NP) from water by emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) was investigated. An ELM system is made up of hexane as a diluent, Span 80 as the surfactant, and sodium carbonate as the inner aqueous solution. Effect of volume ratio of emulsion to external phase on the extraction of 4-NP was studied in the range of 5/250-90/ 250. The influence of 4-NP initial concentration and salt addition on the permeation of the pollutant was also investigated. The obtained results showed that the volume ratio of emulsion to external phase has a significant effect on the removal of 4-NP using ELM. It was found that by appropriate selection of the extraction and stability conditions, a treatment ratio of 30/250 conducted to excellent removal percentage (>99%). The 4-NP transport was influenced by solute initial concentration. The presence of NaCl in the continuous phase had an impact on the removal percentage, especially at high salt concentrations. The ELM treatment process represents a very interesting advanced separation process for the removal of 4-NP from water.

Emulsion Liquid Membrane Modelling for Cadmium Removal using Taylor-Couette Column

“…Rearranging Eq. ( 15), obtained: More emulsion supplied more stripping agent thus increase the stripping capacity [40,41]. However, higher emulsion volume would be uneconomical.…”

A comprehensive review on removal of environmental pollutants using a surfactant based remediation process

“…77 SPAN 80 (sorbitan monooleate) has been shown in numerous studies to be the most effective surface-active substance for removing PPCPs using the ELM method. [77][78][79] The optimal roles for kerosene and hexane were in the membrane phase or as diluents along with surfactants.…”

Surfactants-based remediation as an effective approach for removal of environmental pollutants—A review

“…Another study reported the removal of paracetamol with ELM using surfactant Span 80 and an inner aqueous solution of potassium chloride [94]. Different studies were conducted [95][96][97][98], which showed that SPAN 80 (sorbitan monooleate) is the most efficient surfactant for removal of PPCPs by using ELM system. Kerosene and hexane played the best role as membrane-phase or diluents mixed with surfactants.…”