Removal of ammonia from producer gas in biomass gasification: integration of gasification optimisation and hot catalytic gas cleaning

Hongrapipat, Janjira; Saw, Woei L.; Pang, Shusheng

doi:10.1007/s13399-012-0047-1

Cited by 30 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 80 publications

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“…Biomass-derived syngas can be used for power generation, synthesis of Fisher-Tropsch liquid fuel, and other forms of energy after further chemical transformations [1][2][3][4]. It is noted that the control of the H 2 /CO molar ratio and the production of concentrated H 2 are highly desirable for effective utilization of the syngas [5,6]. New Zealand has abundant biomass resources, including woody waste, agricultural waste, and other commercial crops.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membrane for hydrogen separation from simulated biomass-derived syngas

Yin

Lee

Choi

et al. 2016

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membrane for hydrogen separation from simulated biomass-derived syngas

Yin

Lee

Choi

et al. 2016

Microporous and Mesoporous Materials

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“…Before FT reaction, the syngas should be cleaned to remove all nitrogenous (NH3, HCN) and sulfurous (H2S, COS) pollutants in ppm level, otherwise they lead to the poisoning of the FT catalysts shortly [2][3]. While NH3 concentrations can be reached up to 10000 ppmv in syngas as a function of the nitrogen content of the solid fuel [4], its threshold level is below 1 ppmv [5]. NH3 removal can be achieved via three different ways; scrubbing, thermal incineration, and catalytic routes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

COMPARISON OF CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES BOTH FOR SELECTIVE OXIDATION AND DECOMPOSITION OF AMMONIA OVER Fe/HZβ CATALYST

Çetin¹,

Sarıoğlan²,

Okutan³

2016

Journal of the Turkish Chemical Society, Section A: Chemistry

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Ammonia is one of the syngas contaminants that must be removed before using the syngas downstream applications. The most promising hot-gas clean-up techniques of ammonia are selective catalytic oxidation (SCO) and catalytic decomposition. In this study, the catalytic activities over Zeolite Hβ-supported iron catalyst (Fe/HZβ) were compared both for the two catalytic routes. For SCO experiments, temperature (300-550 °C), O2 (2000-6000 ppmv) and (0-10%) H2 concentrations were investigated with the presence of 800 ppm of NH3 in each final gas mixture. In the second route, catalytic ammonia decomposition experiments were carried out with H2 in balance N2 (0-30%) containing 800 ppm of NH3 at 700 °C and 800 °C. In the SCO, NH3 conversions were increased with increasing reaction temperatures with the absence of H2 in the reaction mixture. With 10% H2, it was shown that NH3 conversions increased with decreasing the reaction temperature. This was interpreted as the competing H2 and NH3 oxidations over the catalyst. On the other hand, in the catalytic decomposition, thermodynamic equilibrium conversion of almost 100% was attained at both 700 and 800 °C. Upon H2 addition, all conversions decreased. The decrease in conversion seemed to be linear with inlet hydrogen concentration. Hydrogen was seen to inhibit the decomposition of ammonia. It was shown that Fe/HZβ catalyst is better to use for catalytic decomposition of NH3 in syngas rather than SCO of NH3 in spite of higher reaction temperatures needed in the decomposition reaction.

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“…Extensive research on tar removal has been conducted either in situ or inside the gasifier [5] or with downstream gas cleaning process after the gasifier using a wet scrubber [3,4,6,7]. In addition, some studies have been reported on removal of N-and S-gas compounds from the biomass gasification producer gas [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In the gasification process, fuel-bound N and S in biomass are released as follows: (1) N-and S-based gases, (2) N-and S-containing aromatic hydrocarbons (tars) and (3) N and S in solid char [8,9]. Hongrapipat [8] and Hongrapipat et al [9] have conducted an extensive review on removal of N-based gas species from the biomass gasification producer gas and found that ammonia (NH 3 ) is the dominant contaminant among others.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hongrapipat [8] and Hongrapipat et al [9] have conducted an extensive review on removal of N-based gas species from the biomass gasification producer gas and found that ammonia (NH 3 ) is the dominant contaminant among others. The S-based gas species may include several compounds such as hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) and carbonyl sulphide (COS) as well as other organic sulphur compounds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

Hongrapipat

Pang

Saw

2015

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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In the present study, in situ removal of ammonia (NH 3 ) and hydrogen sulphide (H 2 S) in the producer gas has been investigated for steam gasification of woody biomass in a 100 kW dual fluidised bed (DFB) gasifier. The removal measures consist of optimisation of operation conditions and application of catalytic bed materials. The operation conditions investigated were gasification temperature in a range of 750 to 850°C, steam to fuel ratio from 0.6 to 1.4 kg/kg dry , and mean gas residence time from 0.19 to 0.25 s. The catalytic bed materials tested included silica, ilmenite and calcined olivine sands which were applied in the DFB steam gasifier. The concentrations of NH 3 and H 2 S in the producer gas were measured and the conversions of fuel nitrogen (N) and sulphur (S) to form NH 3 and H 2 S were calculated based on the experimental results. The results showed that NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations and conversions increased with the gasification temperature and the steam to fuel ratio. However, with increase in the mean gas residence time, the NH 3 concentration and conversion increased whereas the H 2 S concentration and conversion slightly decreased. In addition, ilmenite sand and calcined olivine sand as the bed materials showed stronger influence on reduction of NH 3 and H 2 S concentrations as well as fuel-N and fuel-S conversions in comparison with silica sand.

show abstract

Removal of ammonia from producer gas in biomass gasification: integration of gasification optimisation and hot catalytic gas cleaning

Cited by 30 publications

References 80 publications

On the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membrane for hydrogen separation from simulated biomass-derived syngas

On the zeolitic imidazolate framework-8 (ZIF-8) membrane for hydrogen separation from simulated biomass-derived syngas

COMPARISON OF CATALYTIC ACTIVITIES BOTH FOR SELECTIVE OXIDATION AND DECOMPOSITION OF AMMONIA OVER Fe/HZβ CATALYST

Removal of NH3 and H2S from producer gas in a dual fluidised bed steam gasifier by optimisation of operation conditions and application of bed materials

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