Removal of Antimony and Bismuth from Copper Electrorefining Electrolyte: Part I—A Review

Artzer, Andrew; Moats, Michael S.; Bender, Jack

doi:10.1007/s11837-018-3075-x

Cited by 27 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Unrelated to shifts in the PV sector, the Cu smelting and refining industry is being forced to contend with increasing Bi contents in virgin Cu concentrates commensurate with worldwide increases in orebody complexity [87]. While several options exist for treating Bi in Cu refining, with some possessing the capacity to produce saleable Bi by-products [130], new or improved options could emerge as a matter of necessity. Coupling this with both the price and potentially increasing demand for Bi, the smelting and refining industry is motivated to adopt such developments [87,131].…”

Section: Improved Bi Handling In Cu Refiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV Module Design for Recycling Guidelines

Bilbao¹,

Heath²,

Norgren³

et al. 2021

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Section: Improved Bi Handling In Cu Refiningmentioning

confidence: 99%

PV Module Design for Recycling Guidelines

Bilbao¹,

Heath²,

Norgren³

et al. 2021

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“…These pulses generate periodic disturbances and can thus determine their frequency, depending on their position [18]. The geometry (rolling elements, cage and races) and running speed of bearings precisely determine their characteristic frequencies [15,9,1]. Each bearing component has a unique breaking frequency and four fundamental frequencies are defined [4], according to the place where the defect occurs.…”

Section: Equipment Under Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis, evaluation and monitoring of the characteristic frequencies of pneumatic drive unit and its bearing through their corresponding frequency spectra and spectral density

Castilla-Gutiérrez¹,

Fortes²,

Pulido‐Calvo³

2019

Eksploatacja i Niezawodność – Maintenance and Reliability

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AnAlysis, evAluAtion And monitoring of the chArActeristic frequencies of pneumAtic drive unitAnd its beAring through their corresponding frequency spectrA And spectrAl density AnAlizA, ocenA i monitorowAnie częstotliwości chArAkterystycznych pneumAtycznego zespołu nApędowego i wchodzącego w jego skłAd łożyskA nA podstAwie widm częstotliwości orAz gęstości widmowej This article shows the results of the study of the characteristic frequencies of pneumatic drive equipment and its suspension bearing. The analysis approaches one of the most important requirements of the industrial sector, which seeks to be recognised by the efficiency and performance of its equipment when compared to its coming economic competitors. For data collection and we have followed the ISO 10816 standards, thus using the values of speed in RMS, aiming to reduce the masking of these signals that occurs depending on whether they are high or low frequencies. The study will respond to one of the most important requirements found in the predictive and preventive control of industrial sites. The problem of the predictive systems of maintenance of equipment with bearings lies in the number of monitoring and analysis points that generate a high cost in time and human resources. The aim will be to determine which of all the study frequencies is the most significant and in which position and measurement axis has the biggest impact. To do this, we will analyse the rotation frequency of the blowing machine, the resulting frequency of all the frequencies, the frequency of the impulsion blades and finally the frequency of the bearing. The study would be able to predict when our equipment is going to suffer a failure, reducing the control points and the cost.

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“…The extraction of bismuth via a solvation mechanism from chloride solutions was reported by the extractant tri‐ n ‐butyl phosphate (TBP) 23 . Artzer et al proposed a solvent extraction procedure by employing phosphonic acid ester extractants for the recovery of bismuth from copper electrorefining electrolytes 24 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of a polymer inclusion membrane made of cellulose triacetate base polymer and trioctylamine for the selective extraction of bismuth(III) from chloride solutions

Ghaderi

Dolatyari

Kazemi

et al. 2021

J of Applied Polymer Sci

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A polymer inclusion membrane (PIM) prepared by casting a solution of cellulose triacetate (CTA), trioctylamine (TOA), and tri‐n‐butylphosphate (TBP), dissolved in dichloromethane was used for the extraction of bismuth(III) from hydrochloric acid solutions. The optimized PIM, in terms of mechanical properties and its efficiency for the extraction of bismuth(III), was consisted of CTA 40 wt%, TOA 25 wt%, and TBP 35 wt%. Contact angle measurements, FESEM, AFM, TGA, and stress–strain analysis were used for characterizing the PIM. A 3.5 cm diameter circular membrane segment of the PIM extracts quantitatively the bismuth ions (initial concentration 20 mg L−1) from 50 ml of 0.3 M HCl, after 120 min. The extracted bismuth was fully back‐extracted by shaking for 60 min of the loaded PIM with 50 ml solution of 2 M Na2CO3. It was confirmed that the extraction reaction involves the formation of the ion pair TOAnormalH+2[]BiCl52−. The developed PIM was stable for using in four extraction/back‐extraction cycles of bismuth(III). This stability was enhanced to ten extraction/back‐extraction runs by replacing the plasticizer TBP with 2–nitrophenyloctyl ether or dibutyl phthalate. The investigated PIM showed excellent selectivity towards Bi(III) over Cu(II), Pb(II), Zn(II), Ni(II), Co(II), Cd(II), Fe(III), Cr(III), Mo(VI), W(VI), NO3−, and SO42−.

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Removal of Antimony and Bismuth from Copper Electrorefining Electrolyte: Part I—A Review

Cited by 27 publications

References 23 publications

PV Module Design for Recycling Guidelines

PV Module Design for Recycling Guidelines

Analysis, evaluation and monitoring of the characteristic frequencies of pneumatic drive unit and its bearing through their corresponding frequency spectra and spectral density

Application of a polymer inclusion membrane made of cellulose triacetate base polymer and trioctylamine for the selective extraction of bismuth(III) from chloride solutions

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