Removal of brominated flame retardant from electrical and electronic waste plastic by solvothermal technique

Zhang, Congcong; Zhang, Fu-Shen

doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2012.04.033

Cited by 46 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…Moreover, the use of hazardous solvents should be avoided. Recently, we have revealed that methanol was optimal solvent for maximum recovery and minimum loss of BFRs [16] and the range of solvents applicable in solvothermal process was much wider than conventional extraction processes due to higher temperatures and pressures, e.g., alcohol solvents, which may not perform as good extraction solvents at moderate pressure and temperature [20], were efficiently employed for solvothermal process. Methanol was thus considered for the recovery of TPPO especially due to its low toxicity.…”

Section: Optimization Of Operating Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Solvothermal process is usually conducted at lower pressure in comparison with Sc-CO 2 . Recently, we have revealed that solvothermal process was a powerful method to remove BFRs from electrical and electronic waste plastic [16]. As a consequence, we applied this technique to transfer TPPO from waste PCBs to the solvent followed by recycling TPPO through rotary evaporation procedure.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Recovery of triphenyl phosphate from waste printed circuit boards by solvothermal process

Zhang

2014

Chemical Engineering Journal

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h i g h l i g h t sA process for triphenyl phosphate (TPPO) recovery from PCBs was established. The structure of recycled TPPO was in good agreement with TPPO standard material. The PCBs became phosphorus-free with structure and inorganic components maintained. The kinetics analysis of solvothermal process was evaluated and better understood. a r t i c l e i n f o b s t r a c tOrganophosphorus flame retardants (PFRs) have been largely used in waste printed circuit boards (PCBs) because of the regulation of brominated flame retardants (BFRs) in recent years. In the present study, triphenyl phosphate (TPPO), a typical PFR, contained in waste PCBs was tentatively subjected to solvothermal treatment in order for efficient recycling of this type of valuable resource. Experimental results showed that the optimum operation temperature, time and liquid to solid ratio for TPPO removal were 90°C, 120 min and 10:1, respectively. After solvothermal treatment, TPPO was transferred into the solvents and solid TPPO powder was easily recovered through vacuum rotary evaporation. The TPPO recovery efficiency reached 84.4% in a purity of 93.4% and dephosphorization efficiency of waste PCBs reached 97.3%. Shrinking core model (SCM) indicated that both interface transfer and internal diffusion affected the recovery rate of TPPO in the solvothermal process. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) profiles of the recycled TPPO were in good agreement with TPPO standard material indicating that the structure of the recycled TPPO maintained after the recovery process. This work provides a clean and applicable process for PFRs recovery from waste PCBs.

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Section: Optimization Of Operating Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Recovery of triphenyl phosphate from waste printed circuit boards by solvothermal process

Zhang

2014

Chemical Engineering Journal

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“…Figure 2a implies that tetrabromobisphenol A recovery increased as the prolonging of time till about 120 min and then remained basically unchanged. According to a previous study (Zhang and Zhang 2012), the residue tetrabromobisphenol A was mainly remained in the solid phase, which could be recovered by further solvothermal treatment. Tetrabromobisphenol A recovery efficiency achieved highest of 78.9 % after 120 min treatment.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 88%

“…Solvothermal treatment was carried out as described in a previous study (Zhang and Zhang 2012), indicating that the optimum temperature, time and liquid to solid ratio for solvothermal treatment to remove tetrabromobisphenol A were 90°C, 120 min and 15:1, respectively. Solvothermal treatment conducted under these conditions using methanol as solvent was thus repeated multiple times.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, these technologies mean high energy cost and equipment requirement, which have become challenges faced by them to recycle tetrabromobisphenol A from plastic (Guo et al 2009). In our previous work, we reported that solvothermal process conducted at 90°C holding for 120 min with the liquid to solid ratio of 15:1 using methanol as solvent was a powerful method to remove brominated flame retardant from electrical and electronic waste plastic (Zhang and Zhang 2012). As a consequence, we applied this technique followed by rotary evaporation treatment to recycle tetrabromobisphenol A from computer housing plastic.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tetrabromobisphenol A recovery from computer housing plastic by a new solvothermal process

2014

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Brominated flame retardants contained in electrical and electronic waste plastic are toxic to both humans and the environment. Most disposal technologies for brominated flame retardants are environmentally unfriendly. Here, a novel solvothermal process was designed to recover tetrabromobisphenol A, a typical brominated flame retardant, from waste computer housing plastic. The plastic waste was treated by the solvothermal process followed by vacuum rotary evaporation. Results show a tetrabromobisphenol A recovery efficiency of 78.9 %, and a purity of 95.6 %. The stability of tetrabromobisphenol A during the solvothermal process was confirmed by nuclear magnetic resonance. Kinetics showed that diffusion across the polymer layer controlled recovery. We conclude that the novel solvothermal process is a promising green way to recover tetrabromobisphenol A from electrical and electronic waste plastic.

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Emerging trends in sustainable treatment and valorisation technologies for plastic wastes in Nigeria: A concise review

Nyakuma

Ivase²

2021

Env Prog and Sustain Energy

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The article presents an overview of the status, challenges, and prospects of current and emerging trends for the sustainable treatment and valorisation technologies of plastic wastes. The proliferation is ascribed to the growing population, living standards, and use of low cost, unbiodegradable, and chemically resistant plastic wastes in Nigeria. This scenario is exacerbated by the lack of comprehensive strategies for the collection, transport, segregation, and management of plastic wastes. Currently, plastic wastes treatment is accomplished by open-air burning, dumping, and landfilling. More advanced technologies, such as thermal (incineration, gasification), chemical (catalytic cracking and selective dissolution), and biological (microbial degradation) methods, are also utilized for treatment and valorisation. However, these high-cost, obsolete, and inefficient technologies result in GHG emissions, toxic fumes, toxins and leachates. Hence, novel technologies for the reuse, recycling, reduction, and valorisation of plastic wastes must emphasize energy, materials, and resource recovery. The article proposes the upcycling of plastic wastes into carbon nanomaterials (carbon microspheres, carbon nanofibers (CNFs), graphene flakes, carbon nanotubes), polymeric composite materials (wood-polyethylene composites, wood-fiber-reinforced plastics), biocrude/bio-oil, fuels, chemicals, and char through solvent/solvothermal treatment and plasma conversion. Solvent/solvothermal treatment can effectively treat and upcycle plastic wastes along with the removal of toxic, recalcitrant and bio-accumulative pollutants such as brominated flame retardants and organophosphorus flame retardants. However, the study identified numerous challenges that currently hamper plastic wastes disposal, management, and valorisation. Hence, sustainable and socially friendly approaches for plastic waste management and valorisation are required to address their short-and long-term impacts on human health, safety and the environment in Nigeria.

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Removal of brominated flame retardant from electrical and electronic waste plastic by solvothermal technique

Cited by 46 publications

References 33 publications

Recovery of triphenyl phosphate from waste printed circuit boards by solvothermal process

Recovery of triphenyl phosphate from waste printed circuit boards by solvothermal process

Tetrabromobisphenol A recovery from computer housing plastic by a new solvothermal process

Emerging trends in sustainable treatment and valorisation technologies for plastic wastes in Nigeria: A concise review

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